Greta Wistbacka1, Pedro Amarante Andrade2, Susanna Simberg3, Britta Hammarberg4, Maria Södersten5, Jan G Švec6, Svante Granqvist7. 1. Faculty of Arts, Psychology and Theology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland. Electronic address: gwistbac@abo.fi. 2. Faculty of Culture & Language Sciences, Department of English and Language Sciences, University of St Mark and St John, Plymouth, UK. 3. Faculty of Arts, Psychology and Theology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland; Department of Special Needs Education, Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. 4. Division of Speech and Language Pathology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet (KI), Stockholm, Sweden. 5. Division of Speech and Language Pathology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet (KI), Stockholm, Sweden; Functional Area Speech & Language Pathology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. 6. Voice Research Lab, Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic. 7. Division of Speech and Language Pathology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet (KI), Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Basic Science and Biomedicine, School of Technology and Health (STH), Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Resonance tube phonation with tube end in water is a voice therapy method in which the patient phonates through a glass tube, keeping the free end of the tube submerged in water, creating bubbles. The purpose of this experimental study was to determine flow-pressure relationship, flow thresholds between bubble types, and bubble frequency as a function of flow and back volume. METHODS: A flow-driven vocal tract simulator was used for recording the back pressure produced by resonance tubes with inner diameters of 8 and 9 mm submerged at water depths of 0-7 cm. Visual inspection of bubble types through video recording was also performed. RESULTS: The static back pressure was largely determined by the water depth. The narrower tube provided a slightly higher back pressure for a given flow and depth. The amplitude of the pressure oscillations increased with flow and depth. Depending on flow, the bubbles were emitted from the tube in three distinct types with increasing flow: one by one, pairwise, and in a chaotic manner. The bubble frequency was slightly higher for the narrower tube. An increase in back volume led to a decrease in bubble frequency. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides data on the physical properties of resonance tube phonation with the tube end in water. This information will be useful in future research when looking into the possible effects of this type of voice training.
OBJECTIVES: Resonance tube phonation with tube end in water is a voice therapy method in which the patient phonates through a glass tube, keeping the free end of the tube submerged in water, creating bubbles. The purpose of this experimental study was to determine flow-pressure relationship, flow thresholds between bubble types, and bubble frequency as a function of flow and back volume. METHODS: A flow-driven vocal tract simulator was used for recording the back pressure produced by resonance tubes with inner diameters of 8 and 9 mm submerged at water depths of 0-7 cm. Visual inspection of bubble types through video recording was also performed. RESULTS: The static back pressure was largely determined by the water depth. The narrower tube provided a slightly higher back pressure for a given flow and depth. The amplitude of the pressure oscillations increased with flow and depth. Depending on flow, the bubbles were emitted from the tube in three distinct types with increasing flow: one by one, pairwise, and in a chaotic manner. The bubble frequency was slightly higher for the narrower tube. An increase in back volume led to a decrease in bubble frequency. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides data on the physical properties of resonance tube phonation with the tube end in water. This information will be useful in future research when looking into the possible effects of this type of voice training.