Isolated Renal Mucormycosis.

Mucormycosis in humans has been described as early as 1885 in literature. Isolated renal mucormycosis is rare as it has been mainly described in developing countries like India and China. It is rarer still to find this entity in immunocompetent young males without any risk factors. Specific guidelines on the treatment is not yet known but combined surgical and medical therapy is considered the best modality for its management. We describe a young male who presented with bilateral hydroureteronephrosis. He was initially treated as a case renal tuberculosis which is relatively more common in TB endemic country like ours. However when he did not respond to the anti-tuberculosis drug (ATT), a biopsy revealed mucormycosis. He was treated with nephrectomy and liposomal amphotericin B and oral posaconazole. On follow up of 2 years he is healthy and leading his normal life. © Journal of the Association of Physicians of India 2011.