Study on the interaction of chromate with bovine serum albumin by spectroscopic method.

The interaction between two chromates [sodium chromate (Na2CrO4) and potassium chromate K2CrO4)] and bovine serum albumin (BSA) in physiological buffer (pH 7.4) was investigated by the fluorescence quenching technique. The results of fluorescence titration revealed that two chromates could strongly quench the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA through a static quenching procedure. The apparent binding constants K and number of binding sites n of chromate with BSA were obtained by the fluorescence quenching method. The thermodynamic parameters enthalpy change (ΔH), entropy change (ΔS) were negative, indicating that the interaction of two chromates with BSA was driven mainly by van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds. The process of binding was a spontaneous process in which Gibbs free energy change was negative. The distance r between donor (BSA) and acceptor (chromate) was calculated based on Forster's non-radiative energy transfer theory. The results of UV-Vis absorption, synchronous fluorescence, three-dimensional fluorescence and circular dichroism (CD) spectra showed that two chromates induced conformational changes of BSA.