Ahmed Hodroge1, Eric Trécherel1, Marjorie Cornu1, Walaa Darwiche1, Ali Mansour1, Katia Ait-Mohand1, Thomas Verissimo1, Cathy Gomila1, Carole Schembri1, Sophie Da Nascimento1, Redouan Elboutachfaiti1, Agnès Boullier1, Emmanuel Lorne1, Josiane Courtois1, Emmanuel Petit1, Sylvestre Toumieux1, José Kovensky1, Pascal Sonnet1, Ziad A Massy1, Saïd Kamel1, Claire Rossi1, Jérôme Ausseil2. 1. From the Unité INSERM U1088, CURS-Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France (A.H., E.T., M.C., W.D., A.M., T.V., C.G., A.B., E.L., S.K., J.A.); Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU Amiens, France (A.H., E.T., C.G., A.B., S.K., J.A.); Laboratoire de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources LG2A UMR 7378, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France (K.A.-M., S.T., J.K.); Laboratoire des polysaccharides microbiens et végétaux EA3900-BIOPI, IUT Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Avenue des Facultés, Le Bailly, Amiens, France (R.E., J.C., E.P.); Sorbonne universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Laboratoire de Génie enzymatique et cellulaire, Rue Roger Couttolenc, CS 60319, Compiègne Cedex, France (C.S., C.R.); Laboratoire de Glycochimie des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources, LG2A UMR 7378, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens Cedex 1, France (S.D.N., P.S.); and Service de Nephrologie, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Boulogne-Billancourt/Paris, Université Paris Ouest-Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ) et Inserm U1018, Equipe 5, CESP, Villejuif, France (Z.A.M.). 2. From the Unité INSERM U1088, CURS-Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France (A.H., E.T., M.C., W.D., A.M., T.V., C.G., A.B., E.L., S.K., J.A.); Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU Amiens, France (A.H., E.T., C.G., A.B., S.K., J.A.); Laboratoire de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources LG2A UMR 7378, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France (K.A.-M., S.T., J.K.); Laboratoire des polysaccharides microbiens et végétaux EA3900-BIOPI, IUT Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Avenue des Facultés, Le Bailly, Amiens, France (R.E., J.C., E.P.); Sorbonne universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Laboratoire de Génie enzymatique et cellulaire, Rue Roger Couttolenc, CS 60319, Compiègne Cedex, France (C.S., C.R.); Laboratoire de Glycochimie des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources, LG2A UMR 7378, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens Cedex 1, France (S.D.N., P.S.); and Service de Nephrologie, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Boulogne-Billancourt/Paris, Université Paris Ouest-Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ) et Inserm U1018, Equipe 5, CESP, Villejuif, France (Z.A.M.). ausseil.jerome@chu-amiens.fr.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Cardiovascular diseases constitute the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Calcification of the vessel wall is associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients having many diseases, including diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, and chronic kidney disease. Vascular calcification is actively regulated by inductive and inhibitory mechanisms (including vascular smooth muscle cell adaptation) and results from an active osteogenic process. During the calcification process, extracellular vesicles (also known as matrix vesicles) released by vascular smooth muscle cells interact with type I collagen and then act as nucleating foci for calcium crystallization. Our primary objective was to identify new, natural molecules that inhibit the vascular calcification process. APPROACH AND RESULTS: We have found that oligogalacturonic acids (obtained by the acid hydrolysis of polygalacturonic acid) reduce in vitro inorganic phosphate-induced calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells by 80% and inorganic phosphate-induced calcification of isolated rat aortic rings by 50%. A specific oligogalacturonic acid with a degree of polymerization of 8 (DP8) was found to inhibit the expression of osteogenic markers and, thus, prevent the conversion of vascular smooth muscle cells into osteoblast-like cells. We also evidenced in biochemical and immunofluorescence assays a direct interaction between matrix vesicles and type I collagen via the GFOGER sequence (where single letter amino acid nomenclature is used, O=hydroxyproline) thought to be involved in interactions with several pairs of integrins. CONCLUSIONS: DP8 inhibits vascular calcification development mainly by inhibition of osteogenic marker expression but also partly by masking the GFOGER sequence-thereby, preventing matrix vesicles from binding to type I collagen.
OBJECTIVE:Cardiovascular diseases constitute the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Calcification of the vessel wall is associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients having many diseases, including diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, and chronic kidney disease. Vascular calcification is actively regulated by inductive and inhibitory mechanisms (including vascular smooth muscle cell adaptation) and results from an active osteogenic process. During the calcification process, extracellular vesicles (also known as matrix vesicles) released by vascular smooth muscle cells interact with type I collagen and then act as nucleating foci for calcium crystallization. Our primary objective was to identify new, natural molecules that inhibit the vascular calcification process. APPROACH AND RESULTS: We have found that oligogalacturonic acids (obtained by the acid hydrolysis of polygalacturonic acid) reduce in vitro inorganic phosphate-induced calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells by 80% and inorganic phosphate-induced calcification of isolated rat aortic rings by 50%. A specific oligogalacturonic acid with a degree of polymerization of 8 (DP8) was found to inhibit the expression of osteogenic markers and, thus, prevent the conversion of vascular smooth muscle cells into osteoblast-like cells. We also evidenced in biochemical and immunofluorescence assays a direct interaction between matrix vesicles and type I collagen via the GFOGER sequence (where single letter amino acid nomenclature is used, O=hydroxyproline) thought to be involved in interactions with several pairs of integrins. CONCLUSIONS:DP8 inhibits vascular calcification development mainly by inhibition of osteogenic marker expression but also partly by masking the GFOGER sequence-thereby, preventing matrix vesicles from binding to type I collagen.
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