Michelle Albicini1, Audrey McKinlay. 1. School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, and School of Psychology and Psychiatry, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (Ms Albicini); and Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (Dr McKinlay).
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To explore long-term psychiatric outcomes in individuals with a history of childhood traumatic brain injury (TBI) or orthopedic injury (OI). SETTING: Hospital emergency department, medical admission records and outpatient settings. PARTICIPANTS: There were 95 males (M = 22.78 years, SD = 3.44 years) and 74 females (M = 22.27 years, SD = 3.09 years), 65 with mild TBI (M = 23.25 years, SD = 3.58 years), 61 with moderate-severe TBI (M = 22.34 years, SD = 2.79 years), and 43 with OI (M = 21.81 years, SD = 3.36 years). DESIGN: Longitudinal, between-subjects, cross-sectional design using retrospective and current data. MAIN MEASURES: Semistructured interview to obtain psychiatric diagnoses and background information, and medical records for identification of TBI. RESULTS: Group with moderate-severe TBI presented with significantly higher rates of any anxiety disorder (χ2 = 6.81, P = .03) and comorbid anxiety disorder (χ2 = 6.12, P < .05). Group with overall TBI presented with significantly higher rates of any anxiety disorder (χ1 = 5.36, P = .02), panic attacks (χ1 = 4.43, P = .04), specific phobias (χ1 = 4.17, P = .04), and depression (χ1 = 3.98, P < .05). Prediction analysis revealed a statistically significant model (χ7 = 41.84, P < .001) explaining 23% to 37% of the variance in having any anxiety disorder, with significant predictors being group (TBI) and gender (female). CONCLUSIONS: Children who have sustained a TBI may be vulnerable to persistent anxiety, panic attacks, specific phobias, and depression, even 13 years after the injury event.
OBJECTIVE: To explore long-term psychiatric outcomes in individuals with a history of childhood traumatic brain injury (TBI) or orthopedic injury (OI). SETTING: Hospital emergency department, medical admission records and outpatient settings. PARTICIPANTS: There were 95 males (M = 22.78 years, SD = 3.44 years) and 74 females (M = 22.27 years, SD = 3.09 years), 65 with mild TBI (M = 23.25 years, SD = 3.58 years), 61 with moderate-severe TBI (M = 22.34 years, SD = 2.79 years), and 43 with OI (M = 21.81 years, SD = 3.36 years). DESIGN: Longitudinal, between-subjects, cross-sectional design using retrospective and current data. MAIN MEASURES: Semistructured interview to obtain psychiatric diagnoses and background information, and medical records for identification of TBI. RESULTS: Group with moderate-severe TBI presented with significantly higher rates of any anxiety disorder (χ2 = 6.81, P = .03) and comorbid anxiety disorder (χ2 = 6.12, P < .05). Group with overall TBI presented with significantly higher rates of any anxiety disorder (χ1 = 5.36, P = .02), panic attacks (χ1 = 4.43, P = .04), specific phobias (χ1 = 4.17, P = .04), and depression (χ1 = 3.98, P < .05). Prediction analysis revealed a statistically significant model (χ7 = 41.84, P < .001) explaining 23% to 37% of the variance in having any anxiety disorder, with significant predictors being group (TBI) and gender (female). CONCLUSIONS:Children who have sustained a TBI may be vulnerable to persistent anxiety, panic attacks, specific phobias, and depression, even 13 years after the injury event.
Authors: Andrée-Anne Ledoux; Richard J Webster; Anna E Clarke; Deshayne B Fell; Braden D Knight; William Gardner; Paula Cloutier; Clare Gray; Meltem Tuna; Roger Zemek Journal: JAMA Netw Open Date: 2022-03-01