Ludimila Raupp1, Thatiana Regina Fávaro2, Geraldo Marcelo Cunha3, Ricardo Ventura Santos3. 1. Departamento de Biologia da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro - Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brasil. 2. Faculdade de Nutrição da Universidade Federal de Alagoas - Maceió (AL), Brasil. 3. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brasil.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: : The aims of this study were to analyze and describe the presence and infrastructure of basic sanitation in the urban areas of Brazil, contrasting indigenous with non-indigenous households. Methods: A cross-sectional study based on microdata from the 2010 Census was conducted. The analyses were based on descriptive statistics (prevalence) and the construction of multiple logistic regression models (adjusted by socioeconomic and demographic covariates). The odds ratios were estimated for the association between the explanatory variables (covariates) and the outcome variables (water supply, sewage, garbage collection, and adequate sanitation). The statistical significance level established was 5%. RESULTS: : Among the analyzed services, sewage proved to be the most precarious. Regarding race or color, indigenous households presented the lowest rate of sanitary infrastructure in Urban Brazil. The adjusted regression showed that, in general, indigenous households were at a disadvantage when compared to other categories of race or color, especially in terms of the presence of garbage collection services. These inequalities were much more pronounced in the South and Southeastern regions. CONCLUSION: : The analyses of this study not only confirm the profile of poor conditions and infrastructure of the basic sanitation of indigenous households in urban areas, but also demonstrate the persistence of inequalities associated with race or color in the country.
OBJECTIVE: : The aims of this study were to analyze and describe the presence and infrastructure of basic sanitation in the urban areas of Brazil, contrasting indigenous with non-indigenous households. Methods: A cross-sectional study based on microdata from the 2010 Census was conducted. The analyses were based on descriptive statistics (prevalence) and the construction of multiple logistic regression models (adjusted by socioeconomic and demographic covariates). The odds ratios were estimated for the association between the explanatory variables (covariates) and the outcome variables (water supply, sewage, garbage collection, and adequate sanitation). The statistical significance level established was 5%. RESULTS: : Among the analyzed services, sewage proved to be the most precarious. Regarding race or color, indigenous households presented the lowest rate of sanitary infrastructure in Urban Brazil. The adjusted regression showed that, in general, indigenous households were at a disadvantage when compared to other categories of race or color, especially in terms of the presence of garbage collection services. These inequalities were much more pronounced in the South and Southeastern regions. CONCLUSION: : The analyses of this study not only confirm the profile of poor conditions and infrastructure of the basic sanitation of indigenous households in urban areas, but also demonstrate the persistence of inequalities associated with race or color in the country.
Authors: Christine E Stauber; Joe Brown; Anu Bourgeois; Fabiana Palma; Claire A Spears; Cassandra White; Federico Costa Journal: Am J Trop Med Hyg Date: 2022-02-07 Impact factor: 2.345
Authors: Ricardo Ventura Santos; Gabriel Mendes Borges; Marden Barbosa de Campos; Bernardo Lanza Queiroz; Carlos E A Coimbra; James R Welch Journal: SSM Popul Health Date: 2020-01-09