Mieke Klein Hofmeijer-Sevink1, Neeltje M Batelaan2, Harold J G M van Megen1, Marcel A van den Hout3,4, Brenda W Penninx2, Anton J L M van Balkom2, Danielle C Cath3,4,5. 1. 1 Mental Health Care Institute GGZ Centraal, Amersfoort, the Netherlands. 2. 2 GGZ inGeest/Department of Psychiatry and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. 3. 3 Altrecht Academic Anxiety Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands. 4. 4 Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands. 5. 5 GGz Drenthe, Department of Specialized Training & University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry & Rob Giel Onderzoekscentrum, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) co-occur frequently with anxiety and depressive disorders, but the nature of their relationship and their impact on severity of anxiety and depressive disorders is poorly understood. In a large sample of patients with anxiety and depressive disorders, we assessed the frequency of OCS, defined as a Young Adult Self-Report Scale-obsessive-compulsive symptoms score >7. The associations between OCS and severity of anxiety and/or depressive disorders were examined, and it was investigated whether OCS predict onset, relapse, and persistence of anxiety and depressive disorders. METHODS: Data were obtained from the third (at 2-year follow-up) and fourth wave (at 4-year follow-up) of data collection in the Netherlands Study of Anxiety and Depression cohort, including 469 healthy controls, 909 participants with a remitted disorder, and 747 participants with a current anxiety and/or depressive disorder. RESULTS: OCS were present in 23.6% of the total sample, most notably in those with current combined anxiety and depressive disorders. In patients with a current disorder, OCS were associated with severity of this disorder. Moreover, OCS predicted (1) first onset of anxiety and/or depressive disorders in healthy controls (odds ratio [OR], 5.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15 to 29.14), (2) relapse in those with remitted anxiety and/or depressive disorders (OR, 2.31; 95% CI, 1.55 to 3.46), and (3) persistence in patients with the combination of current anxiety and depressive disorders (OR, 4.42; 95% CI, 2.54 to 7.70) within the 2-year follow-up period Conclusions: OCS are closely related to both the presence and severity of anxiety and depressive disorders and affect their course trajectories. Hence, OCS might be regarded as a course specifier signaling unfavorable outcomes. This specifier may be useful in clinical care to adapt and intensify treatment in individual patients.
OBJECTIVE:Obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) co-occur frequently with anxiety and depressive disorders, but the nature of their relationship and their impact on severity of anxiety and depressive disorders is poorly understood. In a large sample of patients with anxiety and depressive disorders, we assessed the frequency of OCS, defined as a Young Adult Self-Report Scale-obsessive-compulsive symptoms score >7. The associations between OCS and severity of anxiety and/or depressive disorders were examined, and it was investigated whether OCS predict onset, relapse, and persistence of anxiety and depressive disorders. METHODS: Data were obtained from the third (at 2-year follow-up) and fourth wave (at 4-year follow-up) of data collection in the Netherlands Study of Anxiety and Depression cohort, including 469 healthy controls, 909 participants with a remitted disorder, and 747 participants with a current anxiety and/or depressive disorder. RESULTS: OCS were present in 23.6% of the total sample, most notably in those with current combined anxiety and depressive disorders. In patients with a current disorder, OCS were associated with severity of this disorder. Moreover, OCS predicted (1) first onset of anxiety and/or depressive disorders in healthy controls (odds ratio [OR], 5.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15 to 29.14), (2) relapse in those with remitted anxiety and/or depressive disorders (OR, 2.31; 95% CI, 1.55 to 3.46), and (3) persistence in patients with the combination of current anxiety and depressive disorders (OR, 4.42; 95% CI, 2.54 to 7.70) within the 2-year follow-up period Conclusions: OCS are closely related to both the presence and severity of anxiety and depressive disorders and affect their course trajectories. Hence, OCS might be regarded as a course specifier signaling unfavorable outcomes. This specifier may be useful in clinical care to adapt and intensify treatment in individual patients.
Authors: Brenda W J H Penninx; Aartjan T F Beekman; Johannes H Smit; Frans G Zitman; Willem A Nolen; Philip Spinhoven; Pim Cuijpers; Peter J De Jong; Harm W J Van Marwijk; Willem J J Assendelft; Klaas Van Der Meer; Peter Verhaak; Michel Wensing; Ron De Graaf; Witte J Hoogendijk; Johan Ormel; Richard Van Dyck Journal: Int J Methods Psychiatr Res Date: 2008 Impact factor: 4.035
Authors: Mieke Klein Hofmeijer-Sevink; Patricia van Oppen; Harold J van Megen; Neeltje M Batelaan; Danielle C Cath; Nic J A van der Wee; Marcel A van den Hout; Anton J van Balkom Journal: J Affect Disord Date: 2013-04-15 Impact factor: 4.839
Authors: Willemijn D Scholten; Neeltje M Batelaan; Anton Jlm van Balkom; Brenda Wjh Penninx; Johannes H Smit; Patricia van Oppen Journal: J Affect Disord Date: 2012-12-04 Impact factor: 4.839