Drug safety in paediatric anaesthesia.

Life-threatening drug errors are more common in children than in adults. This is likely to be because of their variations in age and weight, combined with the occasional exposure of most anaesthetists to paediatric patients. Drug administration in anaesthesia is mostly undertaken by a single operator and thus represents a potentially greater risk compared with other areas of medicine. This increased risk is believed to be offset by anaesthetists working with only a limited number of drugs on a very frequent and repetitive basis. However, high rates of errors continue to be reported. Paediatric anaesthesia practice requires individual age- and weight-specific drug dose calculations and is therefore without a 'familiar' or 'usual' dose. The aim of this narrative systematic review of existing recommendations and current evidence of preventive strategies is to identify measures to enhance the safety and quality of drug administration in paediatric anaesthesia. This review collates and grades the evidence of such interventions and recommendations and assesses their feasibility. Most highly effective available measures require low or limited costs and labour. The presented solutions should, therefore, achieve a high level of acceptance and contribute significantly to safety and quality of care in paediatric anaesthesia.