Emanuele Zaffuto1, Raisa Pompe2, Marc Zanaty3, Helen Davis Bondarenko3, Sami-Ramzi Leyh-Bannurah2, Marco Moschini4, Paolo Dell'Oglio5, Giorgio Gandaglia5, Nicola Fossati5, Armando Stabile5, Kevin C Zorn6, Francesco Montorsi5, Alberto Briganti5, Pierre I Karakiewicz3. 1. Division of Oncology/Unit of Urology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, University of Montreal Health Center, Montreal, Canada. Electronic address: zaffuto.emanuele@hsr.it. 2. Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. 3. Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, University of Montreal Health Center, Montreal, Canada. 4. Division of Oncology/Unit of Urology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. 5. Division of Oncology/Unit of Urology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy. 6. Section of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montreal, Canada.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate (NEPC) is a rare entity. We aimed at providing contemporary data on incidence and survival figures of de-novo NEPC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Within the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, we identified 309 individuals with de-novo NEPC diagnosed between 2004 and 2013. We evaluated age-adjusted incidence rates over the study. Kaplan-Meier analyses assessed overall survival (OS) after stratification according to histologic subtype, metastatic status, and treatment. Cox regression analyses tested the predictors of overall mortality, after adjusting for confounders. RESULTS: A total of 309 cases of NEPC were identified from 510,913 cases of prostate cancer. Metastatic disease was identified in 198 (64.1%) cases. The most common histologic subtype (n = 186; 60.2%) was small-cell carcinoma (SCC). The age-adjusted incidence of NEPC significantly increased over the study span. However, this increase only affected SCC (from 0.13/1,000,000 person-years in 2004 to 0.30/1,000,000 person-years in 2013; P = .001). Median survival for NEPC was 10 months. After stratification by metastatic status, no difference was observed according to SCC versus non-SCC. Treatment with radical prostatectomy improved OS only among individuals with non-metastatic disease, whereas radiation therapy did not affect OS rates. In multivariable Cox regression analyses predicting overall mortality, metastatic stage (hazard ratio, 1.52; 95% confidence interval, 1.12-2.06; P < .01) and radical prostatectomy (hazard ratio, 0.38; 95% confidence interval, 0.20-0.74; P < .01) achieved independent predictor status. CONCLUSION: De-novo NEPC is extremely rare and will be encountered in clinical practice by few urologists. Most cases are metastatic at diagnosis. Prognosis is poor regardless of histologic type, especially in metastatic stage.
INTRODUCTION:Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate (NEPC) is a rare entity. We aimed at providing contemporary data on incidence and survival figures of de-novo NEPC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Within the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, we identified 309 individuals with de-novo NEPC diagnosed between 2004 and 2013. We evaluated age-adjusted incidence rates over the study. Kaplan-Meier analyses assessed overall survival (OS) after stratification according to histologic subtype, metastatic status, and treatment. Cox regression analyses tested the predictors of overall mortality, after adjusting for confounders. RESULTS: A total of 309 cases of NEPC were identified from 510,913 cases of prostate cancer. Metastatic disease was identified in 198 (64.1%) cases. The most common histologic subtype (n = 186; 60.2%) was small-cell carcinoma (SCC). The age-adjusted incidence of NEPC significantly increased over the study span. However, this increase only affected SCC (from 0.13/1,000,000 person-years in 2004 to 0.30/1,000,000 person-years in 2013; P = .001). Median survival for NEPC was 10 months. After stratification by metastatic status, no difference was observed according to SCC versus non-SCC. Treatment with radical prostatectomy improved OS only among individuals with non-metastatic disease, whereas radiation therapy did not affect OS rates. In multivariable Cox regression analyses predicting overall mortality, metastatic stage (hazard ratio, 1.52; 95% confidence interval, 1.12-2.06; P < .01) and radical prostatectomy (hazard ratio, 0.38; 95% confidence interval, 0.20-0.74; P < .01) achieved independent predictor status. CONCLUSION: De-novo NEPC is extremely rare and will be encountered in clinical practice by few urologists. Most cases are metastatic at diagnosis. Prognosis is poor regardless of histologic type, especially in metastatic stage.
Authors: Leonidas Apostolidis; Cathleen Nientiedt; Eva Caroline Winkler; Anne Katrin Berger; Clemens Kratochwil; Annette Kaiser; Anne-Sophie Becker; Dirk Jäger; Markus Hohenfellner; Clemens Hüttenbrink; Sascha Pahernik; Florian A Distler; Carsten Grüllich Journal: Oncotarget Date: 2019-01-01
Authors: Xinpei Ci; Jun Hao; Xin Dong; Hui Xue; Rebecca Wu; Stephen Yiu Chuen Choi; Anne M Haegert; Colin C Collins; Xuefeng Liu; Dong Lin; Yuzhuo Wang Journal: Cells Date: 2020-06-04 Impact factor: 6.600