Jun-Ichi Okada1, Takumi Washio2, Machiko Nakagawa3, Masahiro Watanabe3, Yoshimasa Kadooka3, Taro Kariya4, Hiroshi Yamashita4, Yoko Yamada5, Shin-Ichi Momomura5, Ryozo Nagai4, Toshiaki Hisada6, Seiryo Sugiura2. 1. Department of Human and Engineered Environmental Studies, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 277-0871, Japan. Electronic address: okada@sml.k.u-tokyo.ac.jp. 2. Department of Human and Engineered Environmental Studies, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 277-0871, Japan. 3. Healthcare System Unit, Fujitsu Ltd., Ota-ku, Tokyo 144-8588, Japan. 4. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan. 5. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama-shi, Saitama 330-8503, Japan. 6. Department of Human and Engineered Environmental Studies, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 277-0871, Japan; Healthcare System Unit, Fujitsu Ltd., Ota-ku, Tokyo 144-8588, Japan.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The currently proposed criteria for identifying patients who would benefit from cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) still need to be optimized. A multi-scale heart simulation capable of reproducing the electrophysiology and mechanics of a beating heart may help resolve this problem. The objective of this retrospective study was to test the capability of patient-specific simulation models to reproduce the response to CRT by applying the latest multi-scale heart simulation technology. METHODS AND RESULTS: We created patient-specific heart models with realistic three-dimensional morphology based on the clinical data recorded before treatment in nine patients with heart failure and conduction block treated by biventricular pacing. Each model was tailored to reproduce the surface electrocardiogram and hemodynamics of each patient in formats similar to those used in clinical practice, including electrocardiography (ECG), echocardiography, and hemodynamic measurements. We then performed CRT simulation on each heart model according to the actual pacing protocol and compared the results with the clinical data. CRT simulation improved the ECG index and diminished wall motion dyssynchrony in each patient. These results, however, did not correlate with the actual response. The best correlation was obtained between the maximum value of the time derivative of ventricular pressure (dP/dtmax) and the clinically observed improvement in the ejection fraction (EF) (r=0.94, p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: By integrating the complex pathophysiology of the heart, patient-specific, multi-scale heart simulation could successfully reproduce the response to CRT. With further verification, this technique could be a useful tool in clinical decision making.
BACKGROUND: The currently proposed criteria for identifying patients who would benefit from cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) still need to be optimized. A multi-scale heart simulation capable of reproducing the electrophysiology and mechanics of a beating heart may help resolve this problem. The objective of this retrospective study was to test the capability of patient-specific simulation models to reproduce the response to CRT by applying the latest multi-scale heart simulation technology. METHODS AND RESULTS: We created patient-specific heart models with realistic three-dimensional morphology based on the clinical data recorded before treatment in nine patients with heart failure and conduction block treated by biventricular pacing. Each model was tailored to reproduce the surface electrocardiogram and hemodynamics of each patient in formats similar to those used in clinical practice, including electrocardiography (ECG), echocardiography, and hemodynamic measurements. We then performed CRT simulation on each heart model according to the actual pacing protocol and compared the results with the clinical data. CRT simulation improved the ECG index and diminished wall motion dyssynchrony in each patient. These results, however, did not correlate with the actual response. The best correlation was obtained between the maximum value of the time derivative of ventricular pressure (dP/dtmax) and the clinically observed improvement in the ejection fraction (EF) (r=0.94, p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: By integrating the complex pathophysiology of the heart, patient-specific, multi-scale heart simulation could successfully reproduce the response to CRT. With further verification, this technique could be a useful tool in clinical decision making.
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