Shinya Furukawa1, Takenori Sakai2, Tetsuji Niiya3, Hiroaki Miyaoka4, Teruki Miyake5, Shin Yamamoto5, Sayaka Kanzaki5, Koutatsu Maruyama6, Keiko Tanaka7, Teruhisa Ueda8, Hidenori Senba9, Masamoto Torisu10, Hisaka Minami11, Takeshi Tanigawa6, Bunzo Matsuura12, Yoichi Hiasa5, Yoshihiro Miyake7. 1. Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan; Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Translational Research Center, Ehime University Hospital, Ehime, Japan. Electronic address: shinya.furukawa@gmail.com. 2. Department of Internal Medicine, Yawatahama General City Hospital, Ehime, Japan. 3. Department of Internal Medicine, Matsuyama Shimin Hospital, Ehime, Japan. 4. Department of Internal Medicine, Saiseikai Matsuyama Hospital, Ehime, Japan. 5. Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan. 6. Department of Public Health, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. 7. Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan; Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Translational Research Center, Ehime University Hospital, Ehime, Japan. 8. Department of Internal Medicine, Ehime Central Hospital, Ehime, Japan. 9. Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan. 10. Department of Internal Medicine, SaiseikaiSaijo Hospital, Ehime, Japan. 11. Department of Internal Medicine, Ehime Niihama Hospital, Ehime, Japan. 12. Department of Lifestyle-related Medicine and Endocrinology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: No studies have investigated the association between nocturia and depressive symptoms in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Because nocturia and depressive symptoms are common in patients with type 2 diabetes, we examined this association in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: We studied 762 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information about the variables under study. The subjects were divided into 3 groups according to their nocturnal micturition: 1) no nocturia; 2) mild nocturia (1 void per night) and 3) moderate to severe nocturia (2 or more voids per night). Depressive symptoms were defined as being present when a subject had a Self-Rating Depression Scale score higher than 49. RESULTS: The prevalence values of mild nocturia, moderate to severe nocturia and depressive symptoms were 39.5%, 41.9% and 16.8%, respectively. Both mild nocturia and moderate to severe nocturia were independently positively associated with depressive symptoms in all patients; the adjusted ORs were 1.96 (95% CI 1.06 to 3.77) and 2.58 (95% CI 1.38 to 5.04). In female patients, both mild nocturia and moderate to severe nocturia were independently associated with depressive symptoms; the adjusted ORs were 5.26 (95% CI 1.73 to 20.61) and 6.91 (95% CI 2.15 to 28.54), respectively. In male patients, neither mild nocturia nor moderate to severe nocturia was significantly related to depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: In Japanese female patients with type 2 diabetes, nocturia may be positively associated with depressive symptoms.
OBJECTIVES: No studies have investigated the association between nocturia and depressive symptoms in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Because nocturia and depressive symptoms are common in patients with type 2 diabetes, we examined this association in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: We studied 762 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information about the variables under study. The subjects were divided into 3 groups according to their nocturnal micturition: 1) no nocturia; 2) mild nocturia (1 void per night) and 3) moderate to severe nocturia (2 or more voids per night). Depressive symptoms were defined as being present when a subject had a Self-Rating Depression Scale score higher than 49. RESULTS: The prevalence values of mild nocturia, moderate to severe nocturia and depressive symptoms were 39.5%, 41.9% and 16.8%, respectively. Both mild nocturia and moderate to severe nocturia were independently positively associated with depressive symptoms in all patients; the adjusted ORs were 1.96 (95% CI 1.06 to 3.77) and 2.58 (95% CI 1.38 to 5.04). In female patients, both mild nocturia and moderate to severe nocturia were independently associated with depressive symptoms; the adjusted ORs were 5.26 (95% CI 1.73 to 20.61) and 6.91 (95% CI 2.15 to 28.54), respectively. In male patients, neither mild nocturia nor moderate to severe nocturia was significantly related to depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: In Japanese female patients with type 2 diabetes, nocturia may be positively associated with depressive symptoms.