Atrial Fibrillation and Heart Failure: A Review of the Intersection of Two Cardiac Epidemics.

Atrial fibrillation and heart failure are closely linked cardiac conditions that are both increasing in prevalence due to shared risk factors and common disease mechanisms. The presence of both disease entities portends an increase in morbidity and mortality. There are significant similarities in the treatment strategies of these conditions, and the adequate management of one disease may prevent the development of the other. To this date, a rhythm control strategy, even in the heart failure population, has not been proven to be superior to a rate control strategy. This may in large be due to study design coupled with deleterious effects of antiarrhythmic agents. There have been considerable advances over the past decade in catheter and device based management of atrial fibrillation and studies aimed to examine their long-term effect in patients with heart failure are underway.