S Moritz1, J P Klein2, T Desler1, H Lill1, J Gallinat1, B C Schneider1. 1. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf,Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg,Germany. 2. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,Lübeck University,Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck,Germany.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Most original studies and all meta-analyses conducted to date converge on the conclusion that patients with schizophrenia display rather generalized neurocognitive deficits. For the present study, we reopen this seemingly closed chapter and examine whether important influences, such as lack of motivation and negative attitudes towards cognitive assessment, result in poorer secondary neuropsychological performance. METHOD: A sample of 50 patients with an established diagnosis of schizophrenia were tested for routine neurocognitive assessment and compared to 60 nonclinical volunteers. Before and after the assessment, subjective momentary influences were examined (e.g. motivation, concerns about assessment, fear about poor outcome) for their impact on performance using a new questionnaire called the Momentary Influences, Attitudes and Motivation Impact (MIAMI) on Cognitive Performance Scale. RESULTS: As expected, patients performed significantly worse than controls on all neurocognitive domains tested (large effect size, on average). However, patients also displayed more subjective momentary impairment, as well as more fears about the outcome and less motivation than controls. Mediation analyses indicated that these influences contributed to (secondary) poorer neurocognitive performance. Differences in neurocognitive scores shrank to a medium effect size, on average, when MIAMI scores were accounted for. CONCLUSIONS: The data argue that performance on measures of neurocognition in schizophrenia are to a considerable extent due to secondary factors. Poor motivation, fears and momentary impairments distinguished patients from controls and these variables heavily impacted performance. Before concluding that neurocognitive deficits in psychiatric patients are present, clinicians should take these confounding influences into account. Although patients with schizophrenia achieved, on average, worse test scores than controls, a large subgroup displayed spared performance.
BACKGROUND: Most original studies and all meta-analyses conducted to date converge on the conclusion that patients with schizophrenia display rather generalized neurocognitive deficits. For the present study, we reopen this seemingly closed chapter and examine whether important influences, such as lack of motivation and negative attitudes towards cognitive assessment, result in poorer secondary neuropsychological performance. METHOD: A sample of 50 patients with an established diagnosis of schizophrenia were tested for routine neurocognitive assessment and compared to 60 nonclinical volunteers. Before and after the assessment, subjective momentary influences were examined (e.g. motivation, concerns about assessment, fear about poor outcome) for their impact on performance using a new questionnaire called the Momentary Influences, Attitudes and Motivation Impact (MIAMI) on Cognitive Performance Scale. RESULTS: As expected, patients performed significantly worse than controls on all neurocognitive domains tested (large effect size, on average). However, patients also displayed more subjective momentary impairment, as well as more fears about the outcome and less motivation than controls. Mediation analyses indicated that these influences contributed to (secondary) poorer neurocognitive performance. Differences in neurocognitive scores shrank to a medium effect size, on average, when MIAMI scores were accounted for. CONCLUSIONS: The data argue that performance on measures of neurocognition in schizophrenia are to a considerable extent due to secondary factors. Poor motivation, fears and momentary impairments distinguished patients from controls and these variables heavily impacted performance. Before concluding that neurocognitive deficits in psychiatricpatients are present, clinicians should take these confounding influences into account. Although patients with schizophrenia achieved, on average, worse test scores than controls, a large subgroup displayed spared performance.
Authors: Olav B Smeland; Shahram Bahrami; Oleksandr Frei; Alexey Shadrin; Kevin O'Connell; Jeanne Savage; Kyoko Watanabe; Florian Krull; Francesco Bettella; Nils Eiel Steen; Torill Ueland; Danielle Posthuma; Srdjan Djurovic; Anders M Dale; Ole A Andreassen Journal: Mol Psychiatry Date: 2019-01-04 Impact factor: 15.992
Authors: Steffen Moritz; Candelaria I Mahlke; Stefan Westermann; Friederike Ruppelt; Paul H Lysaker; Thomas Bock; Christina Andreou Journal: Schizophr Bull Date: 2018-02-15 Impact factor: 9.306