Characterization of a membrane protein from brain mediating the inhibition of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor binding by calcium.

Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) is a component of the phosphoinositide second-messenger system which mobilizes Ca2+ from intracellular stores. Recently, an InsP3 receptor binding protein from rat cerebellar membranes was solubilized and purified to homogeneity. The potent inhibition by Ca2+ of [3H]InsP3 binding to the InsP3 receptor in cellular membranes is not apparent in the purified receptor. The Ca2+-dependent inhibition of [3H]InsP3 binding in the crude homogenate (concn. giving 50% inhibition = 300 nM) can be restored by addition of solubilized cerebellar membranes to the purified receptor. In the present study, we further characterize the protein in solubilized membranes which confers Ca2+-sensitivity to the receptor, and which we term 'calmedin'. Calmedin appears to be a neutral membrane protein with an estimated Mr of 300,000 by gel filtration in the presence of Triton X-100. Calmedin confers a Ca2+-sensitivity to InsP3 receptor binding, which can be completely reversed by 10 min incubation with EDTA and therefore does not represent Ca2+-dependent proteinase action. Calmedin effects on the purified InsP3 receptor depend on Ca2+ binding to the calmedin, although Ca2+ also binds directly to the InsP3 receptor. The regional distribution of calmedin differs from that of the InsP3 receptor in the brain, suggesting that it also mediates other Ca2+-dependent functions. Calmedin activity in peripheral tissues is much lower than in brain.