Heungman Jun1, Ji Yoon Lee2, Ji Hun Kim3, Minsu Noh4, Tae-Won Kwon4, Yong-Pil Cho5, Young-Sup Yoon6. 1. Department of Surgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea. 2. Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. 3. Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea. 4. Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea. 5. Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: ypcho@amc.seoul.kr. 6. Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Medicine, Emory University School of medicine, Atlanta, GA. Electronic address: yyoon5@emory.edu.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Postsurgical secondary lymphedema is usually a progressive and lifelong condition lacking any curative treatment. The aim of this study was to develop new, simple surgical mouse models of chronic lymphedema, better simulating chronic nature of human postsurgical lymphedema. METHODS: Two experimental mouse models of secondary lymphedema were created surgically without radiation by modifications of the previously described methods: the tail model and the hind limb model. Lymphedema formation was clinically assessed and quantitatively evaluated by measuring circumferences and limb volumes. Postmortem specimens were assessed histologically to examine the efficacy of the models. RESULTS: In the tail models, although a substantial frequency of tail necrosis (30.0%) was noted and the increase in circumference was maintained for only limited times postoperatively depending on the particular tail model, the overall success rate was 65.0%. In the mouse hind limb model, the overall success rate was 88.9%, and the increased circumference and limb volume were maintained over the entire study period of 8 weeks. The overall success rate of the mouse hind limb model was significantly higher than that of the mouse tail model(s). CONCLUSIONS: We have successfully established modified mouse tail and hind limb lymphedema models via only surgical techniques without radiation, which have characteristics of chronic secondary lymphedema. The mouse hind limb model has a higher success rate than the mouse tail model and has advantages of having the healthy contralateral hind limbs as an internal control.
BACKGROUND: Postsurgical secondary lymphedema is usually a progressive and lifelong condition lacking any curative treatment. The aim of this study was to develop new, simple surgical mouse models of chronic lymphedema, better simulating chronic nature of human postsurgical lymphedema. METHODS: Two experimental mouse models of secondary lymphedema were created surgically without radiation by modifications of the previously described methods: the tail model and the hind limb model. Lymphedema formation was clinically assessed and quantitatively evaluated by measuring circumferences and limb volumes. Postmortem specimens were assessed histologically to examine the efficacy of the models. RESULTS: In the tail models, although a substantial frequency of tail necrosis (30.0%) was noted and the increase in circumference was maintained for only limited times postoperatively depending on the particular tail model, the overall success rate was 65.0%. In the mouse hind limb model, the overall success rate was 88.9%, and the increased circumference and limb volume were maintained over the entire study period of 8 weeks. The overall success rate of the mouse hind limb model was significantly higher than that of the mouse tail model(s). CONCLUSIONS: We have successfully established modified mouse tail and hind limb lymphedema models via only surgical techniques without radiation, which have characteristics of chronic secondary lymphedema. The mouse hind limb model has a higher success rate than the mouse tail model and has advantages of having the healthy contralateral hind limbs as an internal control.
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