Shosuke Satake1, Hiroshi Shimokata2, Kazuyoshi Senda3, Izumi Kondo4, Kenji Toba5. 1. Section of Frailty Prevention, Department of Frailty Research, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan; Department of Comprehensive Geriatric Medicine, Hospital, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan. Electronic address: satakes@ncgg.go.jp. 2. Section of Longitudinal Study of Aging, National Institute for Longevity Science (NILS-LSA), National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan; Graduate School of Nutritional Sciences, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Nisshin, Aichi, Japan. 3. Department of Clinical Research Promotion, Innovation Center for Clinical Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan. 4. Center of Assistive Robotics and Rehabilitation for Longevity and Good Health, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hospital, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan. 5. National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To validate the ability of the total Kihon checklist (t-KCL) score to predict the incidence of dependency or death within 3 years in a community-dwelling older population. DESIGN: Population-based longitudinal observational study. SETTING: Town of Higashi-ura, Japan. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 5542 independent seniors who were residents in the town of Higashi-ura. MEASUREMENTS: The KCL questionnaire was sent to independent older residents. Based on our previous report, those with a t-KCL score of 0-3 were classified as robust, 4-7 as pre-frail, and 8 + as frail. The incidence of dependency or death was observed over 3 years. Dependency was defined as a new certification for long-term care insurance (LTCI) service need. Information regarding LTCI certification or death was obtained from the municipal government. RESULTS: Of 8091 independent older adults, 5542 seniors completed the KCL questionnaire. Based on the t-KCL score, they were classified into 3 groups: 2962 (53.4%) as robust, 1625 (29.3%) as pre-frail, and 955 (17.2%) as frail. Over the 3 years, 510 seniors (9.2%) had new LTCI certifications and 170 (3.1%) died. Cox regression analysis adjusted for age and sex showed that the classification of frailty status by t-KCL score was significantly associated with the incidence of dependency both in the pre-frail and the frail [hazard ratios (HRs): 2.027 and 4.768; 95% confidence intervals (CIs): 1.575-2.608 and 3.733-6.089, respectively]. On the other hand, the ability to predict death was significant, but only in the frail group (HR: 2.830; 95% CI: 1.952-4.104). CONCLUSION: The classification of frailty status by t-KCL score could be a significant tool to predict the incidences of dependency and mortality in older adults.
OBJECTIVES: To validate the ability of the total Kihon checklist (t-KCL) score to predict the incidence of dependency or death within 3 years in a community-dwelling older population. DESIGN: Population-based longitudinal observational study. SETTING: Town of Higashi-ura, Japan. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 5542 independent seniors who were residents in the town of Higashi-ura. MEASUREMENTS: The KCL questionnaire was sent to independent older residents. Based on our previous report, those with a t-KCL score of 0-3 were classified as robust, 4-7 as pre-frail, and 8 + as frail. The incidence of dependency or death was observed over 3 years. Dependency was defined as a new certification for long-term care insurance (LTCI) service need. Information regarding LTCI certification or death was obtained from the municipal government. RESULTS: Of 8091 independent older adults, 5542 seniors completed the KCL questionnaire. Based on the t-KCL score, they were classified into 3 groups: 2962 (53.4%) as robust, 1625 (29.3%) as pre-frail, and 955 (17.2%) as frail. Over the 3 years, 510 seniors (9.2%) had new LTCI certifications and 170 (3.1%) died. Cox regression analysis adjusted for age and sex showed that the classification of frailty status by t-KCL score was significantly associated with the incidence of dependency both in the pre-frail and the frail [hazard ratios (HRs): 2.027 and 4.768; 95% confidence intervals (CIs): 1.575-2.608 and 3.733-6.089, respectively]. On the other hand, the ability to predict death was significant, but only in the frail group (HR: 2.830; 95% CI: 1.952-4.104). CONCLUSION: The classification of frailty status by t-KCL score could be a significant tool to predict the incidences of dependency and mortality in older adults.
Authors: K Kawamura; M Kamiya; S Suzumura; K Maki; I Ueda; N Itoh; A Osawa; S Maeshima; H Arai; I Kondo Journal: J Nutr Health Aging Date: 2021 Impact factor: 4.075