Michele Carugno1, Dario Consonni2, Pier Alberto Bertazzi3, Annibale Biggeri4, Michela Baccini4. 1. Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: michele.carugno@unimi.it. 2. Epidemiology Unit, Department of Preventive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy. 3. Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Epidemiology Unit, Department of Preventive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy. 4. Department of Statistics, Informatics and Applications "G. Parenti", University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Exposure to particulate matter with diameter ≤10 μm (PM10) entails well documented adverse effects on human health. In the last decade, concentration of PM10 in Lombardy (10 million inhabitants), Italy, has been gradually decreasing. We evaluated how the mortality burden due to PM10 varied in that same period. METHODS: We focused on 13 areas of the Region in 2003-2014: 11 cities with more than 50,000 inhabitants, 1 smaller alpine town and 1 agricultural province. For each area, we collected PM10 annual average concentrations and natural mortality data, and we used the posterior area-specific effects from a previous Bayesian meta-analysis to estimate the short-term impact of PM10 on mortality, in terms of deaths attributable (AD) to annual average exposures exceeding the WHO threshold of 20 μg/m3. RESULTS: PM10 annual average values showed a non-homogenous decreasing trend in the investigated time period in most of the areas. Overall, the population-weighted exposure levels decreased, except for a peak in 2011, but never met the WHO threshold. In 2003-2006, PM10 levels were responsible, on average, for 343.0 annual AD from natural causes that decreased to 253.5 in 2007-2010 and to 208.3 in 2011-2014. Overall we estimated that PM10 was responsible for about 1% of all natural deaths (min-max range: 0.86%-1.42%); the impact was heterogeneous among areas. CONCLUSIONS: By collecting routinely available data for the most populated areas in Lombardy, we returned a picture of air pollution and health trends in the last decade. Notwithstanding the observed reduction in PM10 between 2003 and 2014 and the resulting decline in the number of AD, the impact is still relevant. Hence, appropriate policies for emission reduction could have a further beneficial effect on population health. Studies based on routine data and local effect estimates are recommended to properly inform the policy-making process.
INTRODUCTION: Exposure to particulate matter with diameter ≤10 μm (PM10) entails well documented adverse effects on human health. In the last decade, concentration of PM10 in Lombardy (10 million inhabitants), Italy, has been gradually decreasing. We evaluated how the mortality burden due to PM10 varied in that same period. METHODS: We focused on 13 areas of the Region in 2003-2014: 11 cities with more than 50,000 inhabitants, 1 smaller alpine town and 1 agricultural province. For each area, we collected PM10 annual average concentrations and natural mortality data, and we used the posterior area-specific effects from a previous Bayesian meta-analysis to estimate the short-term impact of PM10 on mortality, in terms of deaths attributable (AD) to annual average exposures exceeding the WHO threshold of 20 μg/m3. RESULTS: PM10 annual average values showed a non-homogenous decreasing trend in the investigated time period in most of the areas. Overall, the population-weighted exposure levels decreased, except for a peak in 2011, but never met the WHO threshold. In 2003-2006, PM10 levels were responsible, on average, for 343.0 annual AD from natural causes that decreased to 253.5 in 2007-2010 and to 208.3 in 2011-2014. Overall we estimated that PM10 was responsible for about 1% of all natural deaths (min-max range: 0.86%-1.42%); the impact was heterogeneous among areas. CONCLUSIONS: By collecting routinely available data for the most populated areas in Lombardy, we returned a picture of air pollution and health trends in the last decade. Notwithstanding the observed reduction in PM10 between 2003 and 2014 and the resulting decline in the number of AD, the impact is still relevant. Hence, appropriate policies for emission reduction could have a further beneficial effect on population health. Studies based on routine data and local effect estimates are recommended to properly inform the policy-making process.
Authors: Chen Chen; Alisha Chan; Francesca Dominici; Roger D Peng; Ben Sabath; Qian Di; Joel Schwartz; Michelle L Bell Journal: Environ Res Date: 2021-10-25 Impact factor: 6.498
Authors: Maria Cristina Collivignarelli; Alessandro Abbà; Giorgio Bertanza; Roberta Pedrazzani; Paola Ricciardi; Marco Carnevale Miino Journal: Sci Total Environ Date: 2020-05-08 Impact factor: 7.963
Authors: Dario Consonni; Michele Carugno; Sara De Matteis; Francesco Nordio; Giorgia Randi; Martina Bazzano; Neil E Caporaso; Margaret A Tucker; Pier Alberto Bertazzi; Angela C Pesatori; Jay H Lubin; Maria Teresa Landi Journal: PLoS One Date: 2018-09-14 Impact factor: 3.240