Makoto Ito1, Haruo Takahashi2, Yukiko Iino3, Hiromi Kojima4, Sho Hashimoto5, Yosuke Kamide6, Fumiyo Kudo7, Hitome Kobayashi8, Haruo Kuroki9, Atsuko Nakano10, Hiroshi Hidaka11, Goro Takahashi12, Haruo Yoshida2, Takeo Nakayama13. 1. Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Jichi Children's Medical Center Tochigi, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan. Electronic address: makoto-ito@jichi.ac.jp. 2. Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Japan. 3. Department of Otolaryngology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Japan. 4. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan. 5. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, National Sendai Medical Center, Japan. 6. Kamide Ear Nose and Throat Clinic, Japan. 7. Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Care Science, Chiba Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Japan. 8. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Showa University School of Medicine, Japan. 9. Sotobo Children's Clinic, Japan. 10. Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Chiba Children's Hospital, Japan. 11. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Japan. 12. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Japan. 13. Department of Health Informatics, Kyoto University School of Public Health, Japan.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To (1) indicate the definition, the disease state, methods of diagnosis, and testing for otitis media with effusion (OME) in childhood (<12 years); and (2) recommend methods of treatment in accordance with the evidence-based consensus reached by the Subcommittee of Clinical Practice Guideline for Diagnosis and Management of OME in Children. METHODS: We produced Clinical Questions (CQs) concerning the treatment of OME and searched the literature published until April 2014 according to each theme including CQ, the definition, the disease state, the method of diagnosis, and examination. The recommendations are based on the results of the literature review and the expert opinion of the Subcommittee. RESULTS: Because children with Down's syndrome and cleft palate are susceptible to OME, we categorized OME into low-risk and high-risk groups (e.g., Down's syndrome and cleft palate), and recommended the appropriate treatment for each group. CONCLUSION: In the clinical management of OME in children, Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines recommend management not only of OME itself, such as effusion in the middle ear and pathological changes in the tympanic membrane, but also pathological abnormality in surrounding organs, such as infectious or inflammatory diseases.
OBJECTIVE: To (1) indicate the definition, the disease state, methods of diagnosis, and testing for otitis media with effusion (OME) in childhood (<12 years); and (2) recommend methods of treatment in accordance with the evidence-based consensus reached by the Subcommittee of Clinical Practice Guideline for Diagnosis and Management of OME in Children. METHODS: We produced Clinical Questions (CQs) concerning the treatment of OME and searched the literature published until April 2014 according to each theme including CQ, the definition, the disease state, the method of diagnosis, and examination. The recommendations are based on the results of the literature review and the expert opinion of the Subcommittee. RESULTS: Because children with Down's syndrome and cleft palate are susceptible to OME, we categorized OME into low-risk and high-risk groups (e.g., Down's syndrome and cleft palate), and recommended the appropriate treatment for each group. CONCLUSION: In the clinical management of OME in children, Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines recommend management not only of OME itself, such as effusion in the middle ear and pathological changes in the tympanic membrane, but also pathological abnormality in surrounding organs, such as infectious or inflammatory diseases.