Cecilia Chi1, Jennifer Snaith1, Jenny E Gunton2. 1. Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia. 2. Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Electronic address: jenny.gunton@sydney.edu.au.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Patients with type 2 diabetes have an increased risk of developing adverse cardiovascular (CV) outcomes. The evidence relating to the effects of glucose-lowering medications on CV outcomes is of variable quality and there are numerous trials ongoing. RESULTS: In this review, we summarise the available literature on CV outcomes of the following diabetes treatments: metformin, the sulfonylureas, acarbose, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) receptor agonists, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i), sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), thiazolidinediones (TZDs) and insulin. CONCLUSIONS: Insulin is required if glucose levels are very high. Otherwise, metformin, acarbose, some GLP1 receptor agonists and one SGLT2i appear beneficial for CV outcomes.
INTRODUCTION:Patients with type 2 diabetes have an increased risk of developing adverse cardiovascular (CV) outcomes. The evidence relating to the effects of glucose-lowering medications on CV outcomes is of variable quality and there are numerous trials ongoing. RESULTS: In this review, we summarise the available literature on CV outcomes of the following diabetes treatments: metformin, the sulfonylureas, acarbose, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) receptor agonists, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i), sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), thiazolidinediones (TZDs) and insulin. CONCLUSIONS:Insulin is required if glucose levels are very high. Otherwise, metformin, acarbose, some GLP1 receptor agonists and one SGLT2i appear beneficial for CV outcomes.