Richard R Reich1, Cecile A Lengacher2, Thomas W Klein3, Cathy Newton3, Steve Shivers4, Sophia Ramesar2, Carissa B Alinat2, Carly Paterson5, Alice Le2, Jong Y Park1, Versie Johnson-Mallard6, Maya Elias2, Manolete Moscoso2, Matthew Goodman7, Kevin E Kip8. 1. 1 Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA. 2. 2 College of Nursing, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA. 3. 3 Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA. 4. 4 Breast Health Clinical and Research Integrated Strategic Program, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA. 5. 5 National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA. 6. 6 College of Nursing, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA. 7. 7 Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA. 8. 8 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
Abstract
PURPOSE: The purpose of this substudy of a large randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the efficacy of the Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (Breast Cancer) (MBSR[BC]) program compared to usual care (UC) in normalizing blood levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines among breast cancer survivors (BCS). METHOD:A total of 322 BCS were randomized to either a 6-week MBSR(BC) program or a UC. At baseline and 6 and 12 weeks, 10 ml of venous blood and demographic and clinical data were collected and/or updated. Plasma cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor [TNF] α, transforming growth factor [TGF] β1, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor [sTNFR] 1) were assayed. Linear mixed models were used to assess cytokine levels across three time points (baseline and 6 and 12 weeks) by group (MBSR[BC] vs. UC). RESULTS: Of the six measured cytokines, three were nondetectable at rates greater than 50% (IL-10, IL-1β, TGF-β1) and, because of overall low prevalence, were not analyzed further. For the remaining cytokines (TNFα, IL-6, sTNFR1), results showed that TNFα and IL-6 increased during the follow-up period (between 6 and 12 weeks) rather than during the MBSR(BC) training period (between baseline and 6 weeks), while sTNFR1 levels did not change significantly across the 12-week period. CONCLUSIONS: Study results suggest that MBSR(BC) affects cytokine levels in BCS, mainly with increases in TNFα and IL-6. The data further suggest that B-cell modulation may be a part of immune recovery during breast cancer management and that increases in TNFα and IL-6 may be markers for MBSR(BC)-related recovery.
RCT Entities:
PURPOSE: The purpose of this substudy of a large randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the efficacy of the Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (Breast Cancer) (MBSR[BC]) program compared to usual care (UC) in normalizing blood levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines among breast cancer survivors (BCS). METHOD: A total of 322 BCS were randomized to either a 6-week MBSR(BC) program or a UC. At baseline and 6 and 12 weeks, 10 ml of venous blood and demographic and clinical data were collected and/or updated. Plasma cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, IL-10, tumornecrosis factor [TNF] α, transforming growth factor [TGF] β1, soluble tumornecrosis factor receptor [sTNFR] 1) were assayed. Linear mixed models were used to assess cytokine levels across three time points (baseline and 6 and 12 weeks) by group (MBSR[BC] vs. UC). RESULTS: Of the six measured cytokines, three were nondetectable at rates greater than 50% (IL-10, IL-1β, TGF-β1) and, because of overall low prevalence, were not analyzed further. For the remaining cytokines (TNFα, IL-6, sTNFR1), results showed that TNFα and IL-6 increased during the follow-up period (between 6 and 12 weeks) rather than during the MBSR(BC) training period (between baseline and 6 weeks), while sTNFR1 levels did not change significantly across the 12-week period. CONCLUSIONS: Study results suggest that MBSR(BC) affects cytokine levels in BCS, mainly with increases in TNFα and IL-6. The data further suggest that B-cell modulation may be a part of immune recovery during breast cancer management and that increases in TNFα and IL-6 may be markers for MBSR(BC)-related recovery.
Entities:
Keywords:
MBSR(BC); Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction; biomarkers; breast cancer; cytokines
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