Kevin C Parvaresh1, Emily J Osborn1, Fredrick G Reighard2, Joshua Doan2, Tracey P Bastrom2, Peter O Newton3. 1. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. 2. Orthopedic Research Department, Children's Specialist of San Diego, 3030 Childrens Way, Suite 410, San Diego, CA 92123-4228, USA. 3. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Orthopedic Research Department, Children's Specialist of San Diego, 3030 Childrens Way, Suite 410, San Diego, CA 92123-4228, USA; Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Rady Children's Hospital, 3030 Children's Way, Suite 410, San Diego, CA 92123, USA. Electronic address: pnewton.rady@gmail.com.
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective. OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a prediction formula to estimate three-dimensional (3D) T5-T12 kyphosis in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) from standard two-dimensional (2D) radiographic measurements. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: 2D measurements of thoracic kyphosis in AIS patients overestimate 3D kyphosis; however, there is a lack of widespread availability of 3D imaging technology. METHODS: Retrospective review was performed for AIS patients with right thoracic curves evaluated with EOS Imaging from January 2010 to June 2014. Standard 2D posteroanterior and lateral radiographic measurements, pelvic incidence, Nash-Moe grade, Perdriolle rotation, and "3D T5-T12" sagittal measures (reconstructed with sterEOS, analyzed with custom MatLab code) were input into a multivariate logistic analysis to create a prediction model for 3D T5-T12 sagittal alignment. An initial cohort of 66 patients (curves 14°-85°) was used to create a predictive model, and a separate cohort of 129 patients (curves 16°-84°) was used to validate the formula. RESULTS: 2D thoracic coronal Cobb and 2D T5-T12 kyphosis were the only significant predictors in the model. The prediction formula for estimating 3D T5-T12 sagittal measurement from standard 2D measurements, in degrees, was 18.1 + (0.81*2D T5-T12 sagittal Cobb) - (0.54*2D coronal Cobb), r2 = 0.84. The average model error between predicted and measured 3D T5-T12 kyphosis was ±7°. The predicted 3D T5-T12 kyphosis (8.6° ± 12.1°) and measured 3D T5-T12 kyphosis (8.5° ± 13.0°) were not significantly different (p = .8). 3D kyphosis was less than standard measures of 2D kyphosis (8.5° ± 13.0° vs. 20.2° ± 12.6°, p < .001). CONCLUSION: This simple validated formula to predict 3D T5-T12 sagittal alignment using routine 2D thoracic Cobb and T5-T12 kyphosis for thoracic AIS patients has great potential value in assessing historical data collected prior to the development of 3D imaging methods as well as understanding/planning surgical hypokyphosis correction in patients without access to 3D imaging.
STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective. OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a prediction formula to estimate three-dimensional (3D) T5-T12 kyphosis in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) from standard two-dimensional (2D) radiographic measurements. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: 2D measurements of thoracic kyphosis in AISpatients overestimate 3D kyphosis; however, there is a lack of widespread availability of 3D imaging technology. METHODS: Retrospective review was performed for AISpatients with right thoracic curves evaluated with EOS Imaging from January 2010 to June 2014. Standard 2D posteroanterior and lateral radiographic measurements, pelvic incidence, Nash-Moe grade, Perdriolle rotation, and "3D T5-T12" sagittal measures (reconstructed with sterEOS, analyzed with custom MatLab code) were input into a multivariate logistic analysis to create a prediction model for 3D T5-T12 sagittal alignment. An initial cohort of 66 patients (curves 14°-85°) was used to create a predictive model, and a separate cohort of 129 patients (curves 16°-84°) was used to validate the formula. RESULTS: 2D thoracic coronal Cobb and 2D T5-T12 kyphosis were the only significant predictors in the model. The prediction formula for estimating 3D T5-T12 sagittal measurement from standard 2D measurements, in degrees, was 18.1 + (0.81*2D T5-T12 sagittal Cobb) - (0.54*2D coronal Cobb), r2 = 0.84. The average model error between predicted and measured 3D T5-T12 kyphosis was ±7°. The predicted 3D T5-T12 kyphosis (8.6° ± 12.1°) and measured 3D T5-T12 kyphosis (8.5° ± 13.0°) were not significantly different (p = .8). 3D kyphosis was less than standard measures of 2D kyphosis (8.5° ± 13.0° vs. 20.2° ± 12.6°, p < .001). CONCLUSION: This simple validated formula to predict 3D T5-T12 sagittal alignment using routine 2D thoracic Cobb and T5-T12 kyphosis for thoracic AISpatients has great potential value in assessing historical data collected prior to the development of 3D imaging methods as well as understanding/planning surgical hypokyphosis correction in patients without access to 3D imaging.
Authors: Alice Baroncini; Aurelien Courvoisier; Pedro Berjano; Filippo Migliorini; Jörg Eschweiler; Philipp Kobbe; Frank Hildebrand; Per David Trobisch Journal: Eur Spine J Date: 2021-12-15 Impact factor: 3.134
Authors: James Meyers; Lily Eaker; Jessica Zhang; Theodor di Pauli von Treuheim; Baron Lonner Journal: J Clin Med Date: 2022-06-02 Impact factor: 4.964