T M Mikkola1,2, M B von Bonsdorff3,4, C Osmond5, M K Salonen3,6, E Kajantie6,7,8, C Cooper5,9, M J Välimäki10, J G Eriksson3,6,11. 1. Folkhälsan Research Center, Topeliuksenkatu 20, 00250, Helsinki, Finland. tuija.mikkola@folkhalsan.fi. 2. Gerontology Research Center and Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland. tuija.mikkola@folkhalsan.fi. 3. Folkhälsan Research Center, Topeliuksenkatu 20, 00250, Helsinki, Finland. 4. Gerontology Research Center and Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland. 5. MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK. 6. Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland. 7. Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. 8. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. 9. University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. 10. Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. 11. Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
Abstract
We examined the associations between childhood growth and bone properties among women at early old age. Early growth in height predicted greater bone area and higher bone mineral mass. However, information on growth did not improve prediction of bone properties beyond that predicted by body size at early old age. INTRODUCTION: We examined the associations between body size at birth and childhood growth with bone area, bone mineral content (BMC), and areal bone mineral density (aBMD) in early old age. METHODS: A subgroup of women (n = 178, mean 60.4 years) from the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study, born 1934-1944, participated in dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurements of the lumbar spine and hip. Height and weight at 0, 2, 7, and 11 years, obtained from health care records, were reconstructed into conditional variables representing growth velocity independent of earlier growth. Weight was adjusted for corresponding height. Linear regression models were adjusted for multiple confounders. RESULTS: Birth length and growth in height before 7 years of age were positively associated with femoral neck area (p < 0.05) and growth in height at all age periods studied with spine bone area (p < 0.01). Growth in height before the age of 7 years was associated with BMC in the femoral neck (p < 0.01) and birth length and growth in height before the age of 7 years were associated with BMC in the spine (p < 0.05). After entering adult height into the models, nearly all associations disappeared. Weight gain during childhood was not associated with bone area or BMC, and aBMD was not associated with early growth. CONCLUSIONS: Optimal growth in height in girls is important for obtaining larger skeleton and consequently higher bone mass. However, when predicting bone mineral mass among elderly women, information on early growth does not improve prediction beyond that predicted by current height and weight.
We examined the associations between childhood growth and bone properties among women at early old age. Early growth in height predicted greater bone area and higher bone mineral mass. However, information on growth did not improve prediction of bone properties beyond that predicted by body size at early old age. INTRODUCTION: We examined the associations between body size at birth and childhood growth with bone area, bone mineral content (BMC), and areal bone mineral density (aBMD) in early old age. METHODS: A subgroup of women (n = 178, mean 60.4 years) from the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study, born 1934-1944, participated in dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurements of the lumbar spine and hip. Height and weight at 0, 2, 7, and 11 years, obtained from health care records, were reconstructed into conditional variables representing growth velocity independent of earlier growth. Weight was adjusted for corresponding height. Linear regression models were adjusted for multiple confounders. RESULTS: Birth length and growth in height before 7 years of age were positively associated with femoral neck area (p < 0.05) and growth in height at all age periods studied with spine bone area (p < 0.01). Growth in height before the age of 7 years was associated with BMC in the femoral neck (p < 0.01) and birth length and growth in height before the age of 7 years were associated with BMC in the spine (p < 0.05). After entering adult height into the models, nearly all associations disappeared. Weight gain during childhood was not associated with bone area or BMC, and aBMD was not associated with early growth. CONCLUSIONS: Optimal growth in height in girls is important for obtaining larger skeleton and consequently higher bone mass. However, when predicting bone mineral mass among elderly women, information on early growth does not improve prediction beyond that predicted by current height and weight.
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