Literature DB >> 28442977

Perioperative steroid supplementation: Controversies continues!!

Priyanka Sethi1, Deepak Choudhary1, Pradeep Bhatia1, Pooja Bihani1.   

Abstract

Entities:  

Year:  2017        PMID: 28442977      PMCID: PMC5389257          DOI: 10.4103/1658-354X.203055

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  Saudi J Anaesth


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Sir, Chronic steroid intake may result in suppression of hypothalamic-pituitary axis. These patients are susceptible to hemodynamic instability under stressful conditions such as anesthesia and surgery. There are no specific recommendations for perioperative steroid supplementation for these patients posted under regional anesthesia (RA). We report a case of 45-year-old patient with long-term steroid intake undergoing total hip replacement (THR) under neuraxial block without any perioperative steroid administration. A 45-year-old male patient on 8 mg of dexamethasone for 2 years developed avascular necrosis of hip and was posted for THR. He had developed iatrogenic Cushing syndrome, so physician gradually tapered his steroid and for last 1 week before surgery, he was off steroid. His routine blood investigations were within normal limits except for very low level of serum cortisol (0.02 μg/ml), which was suggestive of adrenal suppression. His preoperative hemodynamic parameters were normal. Surgery was conducted under combined spinal epidural anesthesia using bupivacaine and fentanyl. We did not administered steroid to this patient in perioperative period. We were ready with loaded syringes of injection hydrocortisone, to handle any emergency. Surgery lasted for 4 h and patient remained hemodynamically stable throughout procedure. Recovery was uneventful and patient was discharged home after 5 days. There are various recommendations regarding dosing and schedule of perioperative steroid supplementation in patient with chronic steroid intake suggesting that lack of adequate dosing of steroid can result in significant morbidity and mortality.[12] On the other hand, some discourage administration of steroid in view of exposing the patient to side effects of high dose of steroid without actual benefit.[3] Kelly and Domajnko also addressed this controversial issue and suggested that most of the recommendations for perioperative stress dosing are based on small retrospective studies only.[4] Surgical stress response is blunted under RA as compared to general anesthesia due to prevention of nociceptive signals from extensive neural blockade.[5] As THR is an intermediate risk surgery and was conducted under RA, we avoided additional coverage of perioperative steroid. Although perioperative course of patient was uneventful, there was a dilemma for use of steroid due to lack of appropriate recommendations for patients undergoing surgery under RA. We think, probably no perioperative steroid supplementation is needed in these patients if posted under RA. In view of paucity of supporting evidence for perioperative steroid administration in chronic steroid user undergoing surgery under RA, large prospective randomized trials are needed for formulation of specific guidelines.

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Conflicts of interest

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  5 in total

Review 1.  Peri-operative steroid supplementation.

Authors:  G Nicholson; J M Burrin; G M Hall
Journal:  Anaesthesia       Date:  1998-11       Impact factor: 6.955

Review 2.  Supplemental perioperative steroids for surgical patients with adrenal insufficiency.

Authors:  Sin Leong Yong; Paul Marik; Marco Esposito; Paul Coulthard
Journal:  Cochrane Database Syst Rev       Date:  2009-10-07

Review 3.  Steroids and the surgical patient.

Authors:  S A Jabbour
Journal:  Med Clin North Am       Date:  2001-09       Impact factor: 5.456

Review 4.  Perioperative stress-dose steroids.

Authors:  Kristin N Kelly; Bastian Domajnko
Journal:  Clin Colon Rectal Surg       Date:  2013-09

5.  Effects of extradural anaesthesia on interleukin-6 and acute phase response to surgery.

Authors:  C M Moore; J P Desborough; H Powell; J M Burrin; G M Hall
Journal:  Br J Anaesth       Date:  1994-03       Impact factor: 9.166

  5 in total

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