Richard Gauci1, Michael Hunter2, David G Bruce3, Wendy A Davis3, Timothy M E Davis4. 1. Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fiona Stanley and Fremantle Hospitals, Murdoch and Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia. 2. Busselton Population Medical Research Institute, Busselton, Western Australia, Australia; School of Population Health, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia. 3. School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia. 4. School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia. Electronic address: tim.davis@uwa.edu.au.
Abstract
AIMS: To determine the prevalence, risk factors and prognosis of anemia in representative community-based patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: Data from the Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II (FDS2; n=1551, mean age 65.7years, 51.9% males) and Busselton Diabetes Study (BDS; n=186, mean age 70.2years, 50.0% males) cohorts, and from 186 matched BDS participants without diabetes, were analyzed. The prevalence of anemia (hemoglobin ≤130g/L males, ≤120g/L females) was determined in each sample. In FDS2, associates of anemia were assessed using multiple logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards modeling identified predictors of death during 4.3±1.2years post-recruitment. RESULTS: The prevalence of anemia at baseline was 11.5% in FDS2 participants, 17.8% in BDS type 2 patients and 5.4% in BDS participants without diabetes. In FDS2, 163 of 178 patients with anemia (91.6%) had at least one other risk factor (serum vitamin B12<140pmol/L, serum ferritin <30μg/L and/or transferrin saturation<20%, serum testosterone <10nmol/L (males), glitazone therapy, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60mL/min 1.73m2, malignancy, hemoglobinopathy). More anemic than non-anemic FDS2 patients died (28.7% versus 8.0%; P<0.001). After adjustment for other independent predictors (age as time-scale, male sex, Aboriginality, marital status, smoking, eGFR), anemia was associated with a 57% increase in mortality (P=0.015). CONCLUSIONS: Type 2 diabetes at least doubles the risk of anemia but other mostly modifiable risk factors are usually present. Anemia is associated with an increased risk of death after adjustment for other predictors.
AIMS: To determine the prevalence, risk factors and prognosis of anemia in representative community-based patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: Data from the Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II (FDS2; n=1551, mean age 65.7years, 51.9% males) and Busselton Diabetes Study (BDS; n=186, mean age 70.2years, 50.0% males) cohorts, and from 186 matched BDS participants without diabetes, were analyzed. The prevalence of anemia (hemoglobin ≤130g/L males, ≤120g/L females) was determined in each sample. In FDS2, associates of anemia were assessed using multiple logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards modeling identified predictors of death during 4.3±1.2years post-recruitment. RESULTS: The prevalence of anemia at baseline was 11.5% in FDS2 participants, 17.8% in BDS type 2 patients and 5.4% in BDS participants without diabetes. In FDS2, 163 of 178 patients with anemia (91.6%) had at least one other risk factor (serum vitamin B12<140pmol/L, serum ferritin <30μg/L and/or transferrin saturation<20%, serum testosterone <10nmol/L (males), glitazone therapy, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60mL/min 1.73m2, malignancy, hemoglobinopathy). More anemic than non-anemic FDS2patients died (28.7% versus 8.0%; P<0.001). After adjustment for other independent predictors (age as time-scale, male sex, Aboriginality, marital status, smoking, eGFR), anemia was associated with a 57% increase in mortality (P=0.015). CONCLUSIONS: Type 2 diabetes at least doubles the risk of anemia but other mostly modifiable risk factors are usually present. Anemia is associated with an increased risk of death after adjustment for other predictors.
Authors: Collin F Payne; Justine I Davies; F Xavier Gomez-Olive; Katherine J Hands; Kathleen Kahn; Lindsay C Kobayashi; Brent Tipping; Stephen M Tollman; Alisha Wade; Miles D Witham Journal: J Epidemiol Community Health Date: 2018-04-21 Impact factor: 3.710
Authors: Marja G J Veugen; Veronica G Onete; Ronald M A Henry; Hans-Peter Brunner-La Rocca; Annemarie Koster; Pieter C Dagnelie; Nicolaas C Schaper; Simone J S Sep; Carla J H van der Kallen; Martin P J van Boxtel; Koen D Reesink; Johannes S Schouten; Hans H C M Savelberg; Sebastian Köhler; Frans R Verhey; Joop P W van den Bergh; Miranda T Schram; Coen D A Stehouwer Journal: Sci Rep Date: 2022-05-05 Impact factor: 4.996