Eco-friendly synthesis of novel cyanopyridine derivatives and their anticancer and PIM-1 kinase inhibitory activities.

Targeting Pim-1 kinase recently proved to be profitable for conquering cancer proliferation. In the current study, we report the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of two novel series of 2-amino cyanopyridine series (5a-g) and 2-oxocyanopyridine series (6a-g) targeting Pim-1 kinase. All of the newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro anticancer activity against a panel of three cell lines, namely, the liver cancer cell line (HepG2), the colon cancer cell line (HCT-116) and the breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). Most of the compounds showed good to moderate anti-proliferative activity against HepG2 and HCT-116 cell lines while only few compounds showed significant cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 cell line. Further, the Pim-1 kinase inhibitory activity for the two series was evaluated where most of the tested compounds showed marked Pim-1 kinase inhibitory activity (26%-89%). Moreover, determination of the IC50 values unraveled very potent molecules in the submicromolar range where compound 6c possessed an IC50 value of 0.94 μM. Moreover, apoptosis studies were conducted on the most potent compound 6c to evaluate the proapoptotic potential of our compounds. Interestingly, it induced the level of active caspase 3 and boosted the Bax/Bcl2 ratio 22704 folds in comparison to the control. Finally, a molecular docking study was conducted to reveal the probable interaction with the Pim-1 kinase active site.