Hiroto Takiguchi1, Naoki Hayama2, Tsuyoshi Oguma3, Kazuki Harada4, Masako Sato5, Yukihiro Horio6, Jun Tanaka7, Hiromi Tomomatsu8, Katsuyoshi Tomomatsu9, Takahisa Takihara10, Kyoko Niimi11, Tomoki Nakagawa12, Ryota Masuda13, Takuya Aoki14, Tetsuya Urano15, Masayuki Iwazaki16, Koichiro Asano17. 1. Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan. Electronic address: takihiroto@gmail.com. 2. Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan. Electronic address: hayama@is.icc.u-tokai.ac.jp. 3. Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan. Electronic address: tyoguma@tokai-u.jp. 4. Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan. Electronic address: itsuki_kharada@yahoo.co.jp. 5. Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan. Electronic address: pleasures_snow@hotmail.com. 6. Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan. Electronic address: h_5amm1218@yahoo.co.jp. 7. Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan. Electronic address: jntnk723@gmail.com. 8. Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan. Electronic address: hiromiogur@gmail.com. 9. Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan. Electronic address: k.tomomatu@gmail.com. 10. Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan. Electronic address: ttakihara@gmail.com. 11. Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan. Electronic address: niimi_k1002@tokai-u.jp. 12. Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan. Electronic address: nt064735@tsc.u-tokai.ac.jp. 13. Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan. Electronic address: masudar@is.icc.u-tokai.ac.jp. 14. Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan. Electronic address: aokitaku@is.icc.u-tokai.ac.jp. 15. Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan. Electronic address: urantets@is.icc.u-tokai.ac.jp. 16. Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan. Electronic address: iwasaki@is.icc.u-tokai.ac.jp. 17. Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan. Electronic address: ko-asano@tokai-u.jp.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The incidence, risk factors, and consequences of pneumonia after flexible bronchoscopy in patients with lung cancer have not been studied in detail. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the data from 237 patients with lung cancer who underwent diagnostic bronchoscopy between April 2012 and July 2013 (derivation sample) and 241 patients diagnosed between August 2013 and July 2014 (validation sample) in a tertiary referral hospital in Japan. A score predictive of post-bronchoscopy pneumonia was developed in the derivation sample and tested in the validation sample. RESULTS: Pneumonia developed after bronchoscopy in 6.3% and 4.1% of patients in the derivation and validation samples, respectively. Patients who developed post-bronchoscopy pneumonia needed to change or cancel their planned cancer therapy more frequently than those without pneumonia (56% vs. 6%, p<0.001). Age ≥70 years, current smoking, and central location of the tumor were independent predictors of pneumonia, which we added to develop our predictive score. The incidence of pneumonia associated with scores=0, 1, and ≥2 was 0, 3.7, and 13.4% respectively in the derivation sample (p=0.003), and 0, 2.9, and 9.7% respectively in the validation sample (p=0.016). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of post-bronchoscopy pneumonia in patients with lung cancer was not rare and associated with adverse effects on the clinical course. A simple 3-point predictive score identified patients with lung cancer at high risk of post-bronchoscopy pneumonia prior to the procedure.
BACKGROUND: The incidence, risk factors, and consequences of pneumonia after flexible bronchoscopy in patients with lung cancer have not been studied in detail. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the data from 237 patients with lung cancer who underwent diagnostic bronchoscopy between April 2012 and July 2013 (derivation sample) and 241 patients diagnosed between August 2013 and July 2014 (validation sample) in a tertiary referral hospital in Japan. A score predictive of post-bronchoscopy pneumonia was developed in the derivation sample and tested in the validation sample. RESULTS:Pneumonia developed after bronchoscopy in 6.3% and 4.1% of patients in the derivation and validation samples, respectively. Patients who developed post-bronchoscopy pneumonia needed to change or cancel their planned cancer therapy more frequently than those without pneumonia (56% vs. 6%, p<0.001). Age ≥70 years, current smoking, and central location of the tumor were independent predictors of pneumonia, which we added to develop our predictive score. The incidence of pneumonia associated with scores=0, 1, and ≥2 was 0, 3.7, and 13.4% respectively in the derivation sample (p=0.003), and 0, 2.9, and 9.7% respectively in the validation sample (p=0.016). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of post-bronchoscopy pneumonia in patients with lung cancer was not rare and associated with adverse effects on the clinical course. A simple 3-point predictive score identified patients with lung cancer at high risk of post-bronchoscopy pneumonia prior to the procedure.