Immunotherapy and targeted therapy in brain metastases: emerging options in precision medicine.

Brain metastases (BM) continue to represent an unmet clinical need in oncology. Immunotherapy and targeted therapy hold great promise in the treatment of BM. Emerging data are confirming the activity of these agents in patients with BM. Genomic studies have confirmed that clinically actionable mutations are present in BM and they can be used in clinical studies to link targeted therapies with their genetic targets. Furthermore, as molecular signatures associated with sensitivity and resistance to immunotherapies are developed, we will better be able to select BM patients who will most benefit from these therapies. Understanding the genetic and immune evolution within BM should drive the next generation of immunotherapy and target therapy, as well as increase the accuracy of the selection process for these therapies.