OBJECTIVES: Studies considering emotional disturbances in the setting of stroke have primarily focused on depression and been conducted in high-income countries. Anxiety in stroke survivors, which may be associated with its own unique sets of risk factors and clinical parameters, has been rarely investigated in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We assess the characteristics of anxiety and anxiety-depression comorbidity in a SSA sample of recent stroke survivors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We assessed baseline data being collected as part of an intervention to improve one-year blood pressure control among recent (≤1 month) stroke survivors in SSA. Anxiety in this patient population was measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), while the community screening instrument for dementia was used to evaluate cognitive functioning. Independent associations were assessed using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Among 391 participants, clinically significant anxiety (HADS anxiety score≥11) was found in 77 (19.7%). Anxiety was comorbid with depression in 55 (14.1%). Female stroke survivors were more likely than males to have anxiety (OR=2.4, 95% CI=1.5-4.0). Anxiety was significantly associated with the presence of cognitive impairment after adjusting for age, gender and education (OR=6.8, 95% CI=2.6-18.0). CONCLUSIONS: One in five recent stroke survivors in SSA has clinically significant anxiety, and well over 70% of those with anxiety also have depression. Future studies will need to determine what specific impact post-stroke anxiety may have on post-stroke clinical processes and outcomes.
OBJECTIVES: Studies considering emotional disturbances in the setting of stroke have primarily focused on depression and been conducted in high-income countries. Anxiety in stroke survivors, which may be associated with its own unique sets of risk factors and clinical parameters, has been rarely investigated in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We assess the characteristics of anxiety and anxiety-depression comorbidity in a SSA sample of recent stroke survivors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We assessed baseline data being collected as part of an intervention to improve one-year blood pressure control among recent (≤1 month) stroke survivors in SSA. Anxiety in this patient population was measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), while the community screening instrument for dementia was used to evaluate cognitive functioning. Independent associations were assessed using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Among 391 participants, clinically significant anxiety (HADS anxiety score≥11) was found in 77 (19.7%). Anxiety was comorbid with depression in 55 (14.1%). Female stroke survivors were more likely than males to have anxiety (OR=2.4, 95% CI=1.5-4.0). Anxiety was significantly associated with the presence of cognitive impairment after adjusting for age, gender and education (OR=6.8, 95% CI=2.6-18.0). CONCLUSIONS: One in five recent stroke survivors in SSA has clinically significant anxiety, and well over 70% of those with anxiety also have depression. Future studies will need to determine what specific impact post-stroke anxiety may have on post-stroke clinical processes and outcomes.
Authors: Ralph L Sacco; Scott E Kasner; Joseph P Broderick; Louis R Caplan; J J Buddy Connors; Antonio Culebras; Mitchell S V Elkind; Mary G George; Allen D Hamdan; Randall T Higashida; Brian L Hoh; L Scott Janis; Carlos S Kase; Dawn O Kleindorfer; Jin-Moo Lee; Michael E Moseley; Eric D Peterson; Tanya N Turan; Amy L Valderrama; Harry V Vinters Journal: Stroke Date: 2013-05-07 Impact factor: 7.914
Authors: Boladale Mapayi; R O A Makanjuola; S K Mosaku; O A Adewuya; O Afolabi; O O Aloba; A Akinsulore Journal: Arch Womens Ment Health Date: 2012-08-31 Impact factor: 3.633
Authors: Amytis Towfighi; Bruce Ovbiagele; Nada El Husseini; Maree L Hackett; Ricardo E Jorge; Brett M Kissela; Pamela H Mitchell; Lesli E Skolarus; Mary A Whooley; Linda S Williams Journal: Stroke Date: 2016-12-08 Impact factor: 7.914
Authors: Richard Uwakwe; Christian C Ibeh; Anne Ifeoma Modebe; Emeka Bo; Nkiru Ezeama; Ifeoma Njelita; Cleusa P Ferri; Martin J Prince Journal: J Am Geriatr Soc Date: 2009-08-13 Impact factor: 5.562
Authors: Fred Stephen Sarfo; Rufus Akinyemi; George Howard; Virginia J Howard; Kolawole Wahab; Mary Cushman; Deborah A Levine; Adesola Ogunniyi; Fred Unverzagt; Mayowa Owolabi; Bruce Ovbiagele Journal: J Neurol Sci Date: 2020-02-19 Impact factor: 4.553
Authors: Zakaria M Ahmed; Mohamed F Khalil; Ahmed M Kohail; Islam F Eldesouky; Ahmed Elkady; Ashfaq Shuaib Journal: J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis Date: 2020-09-10 Impact factor: 2.136
Authors: Rajesh N Kalaria; Mayowa O Owolabi; Rufus O Akinyemi; Bruce Ovbiagele; Olaleye A Adeniji; Fred S Sarfo; Foad Abd-Allah; Thierry Adoukonou; Okechukwu S Ogah; Pamela Naidoo; Albertino Damasceno; Richard W Walker; Adesola Ogunniyi Journal: Nat Rev Neurol Date: 2021-09-15 Impact factor: 42.937