A new iridoid glycoside from the fruits of Vitex rotundifolia.

One new iridoid glycoside, 6',10-di-O-(4-hydroxybenzoyl) aucubin (1), together with ten known compounds, including five diterpenoids (2-6), two triterpene glucosides (7-8) and three methoxylated flavonoids (9-11) were isolated from the fruits of Vitex rotundifolia. Compounds (3, 4, 7, and 8) were reported for the first time from this plant. Their structures were elucidated by spectral analysis and by comparison with literature data. Furthermore, some of the isolated compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicities against A549 and HepG-2 cell lines using MTT assay, and only compounds 9 and 10 exhibited potent cytotoxic activity with IC50 values of 13 ± 4 and 35 ± 10 μM against HepG-2 cell lines.