Padmanesan Narasimhan1, Chandini Raina MacIntyre1, Dilip Mathai2, James Wood1. 1. School of Public Health and Community Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. 2. Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Apollo Health City, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad, India.
Abstract
Background: We aimed to compare TB transmission rates between case and community households in Vellore, South India. Methods: 359 household contacts (HHC) and 363 community contacts (CC) were assessed with tuberculin skin test (TST) and QuantiFERON TB Gold In-Tube test (QFT) between August 2010 and September 2011. Concordance test and multivariate risk factor assessment were conducted using logistic regression adjusted for clustering. Results: Latent TB infection (LTBI) positivity was similar between the two groups using both tests, with only moderate concordance observed between QFT and TST. Children of HHC (<15 years) were at a higher risk for LTBI (odds of 2.37 [1.15-4.89] and 3.02 [1.22-7.45] for TST and QFT respectively). Among adults, both age in decades (odds of 1.33 [1.14-1.15] and 1.16 [1.02-1.32] for TST and QFT, respectively) and the interaction of male gender, smoking and alcohol consumption (odds of 4.06 [1.38-11.93] and 2.59 [1.19-5.64] for TST and QFT, respectively), were associated with increased risk of LTBI. Conclusions: This study provides estimates of TB infection rates accounting for both community and household exposure that contribute to understanding of TB transmission in this setting. We suggest that assessment of risk factors for infection need increased examination as prophylactic treatment of LTBI are being considered.
Background: We aimed to compare TB transmission rates between case and community households in Vellore, South India. Methods: 359 household contacts (HHC) and 363 community contacts (CC) were assessed with tuberculin skin test (TST) and QuantiFERON TB Gold In-Tube test (QFT) between August 2010 and September 2011. Concordance test and multivariate risk factor assessment were conducted using logistic regression adjusted for clustering. Results: Latent TB infection (LTBI) positivity was similar between the two groups using both tests, with only moderate concordance observed between QFT and TST. Children of HHC (<15 years) were at a higher risk for LTBI (odds of 2.37 [1.15-4.89] and 3.02 [1.22-7.45] for TST and QFT respectively). Among adults, both age in decades (odds of 1.33 [1.14-1.15] and 1.16 [1.02-1.32] for TST and QFT, respectively) and the interaction of male gender, smoking and alcohol consumption (odds of 4.06 [1.38-11.93] and 2.59 [1.19-5.64] for TST and QFT, respectively), were associated with increased risk of LTBI. Conclusions: This study provides estimates of TB infection rates accounting for both community and household exposure that contribute to understanding of TB transmission in this setting. We suggest that assessment of risk factors for infection need increased examination as prophylactic treatment of LTBI are being considered.
Authors: P Fernandes; Y Ma; M Gaeddert; T Tsacogianis; P Marques-Rodrigues; G Fregona; A Loomans; E C Jones-López; R Dietze; J J Ellner; L F White; N S Hochberg Journal: Epidemiol Infect Date: 2018-06-08 Impact factor: 4.434
Authors: Winnie R Muyindike; Robin Fatch; Debbie M Cheng; Nneka I Emenyonu; Christine Ngabirano; Julian Adong; Benjamin P Linas; Karen R Jacobson; Judith A Hahn Journal: PLoS One Date: 2020-07-02 Impact factor: 3.752
Authors: Patrick K Moonan; Sreenivas A Nair; Reshu Agarwal; Vineet K Chadha; Puneet K Dewan; Umesh D Gupta; Christine S Ho; Timothy H Holtz; Ajay M Kumar; Nishant Kumar; Prahlad Kumar; Susan A Maloney; Sundari R Mase; John E Oeltmann; C N Paramasivan; Malik M Parmar; Kiran K Rade; Ranjani Ramachandran; Raghuram Rao; Virendra S Salhorta; Rohit Sarin; Sanjay Sarin; Kuldeep S Sachdeva; Sriram Selvaraju; Rupak Singla; Diya Surie; Jamhoih Tonsing; Srikanth P Tripathy; Sunil D Khaparde Journal: BMJ Glob Health Date: 2018-10-08