The relationship of empathy to clinical experience among male and female nursing students.

While a number of educational interventions aimed at increasing empathy among nurses have been undertaken, research on empathy has yielded inconsistent findings. This study used a new multidimensional measure to study empathy levels among BSN nursing students during their first year of nursing education. Thirty-five nursing students completed Davis' Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) at four times during their junior year. The results of a repeated measures ANOVA indicated high consistency for all IRI scores across the four data collection periods. T-tests were also performed to compare IRI scores by gender. Males scored significantly lower than female nursing students on the Personal Distress Scale. While there were no other consistent, significant differences, males did not tend to score slightly higher than females on Perspective Taking. This response pattern is the opposite of what has been reported for other groups, although it is consistent with previous nursing research. The relationship between age, previous health-care experience, and IRI scores also varied by sex. Implications of these findings for educational interventions, recruitment, and retention of nursing students are discussed.