Takehiko Doi1, Joe Verghese2, Hyuma Makizako3, Kota Tsutsumimoto3, Ryo Hotta3, Sho Nakakubo3, Takao Suzuki4, Hiroyuki Shimada3. 1. Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY. Electronic address: take-d@ncgg.go.jp. 2. Department of Neurology and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY. 3. Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan. 4. National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan; Institute for Gerontology, J.F. Oberlin University, Tokyo, Japan.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that a long-term, structured cognitive leisure activity program is more effective than a health education program at reducing the risk of further cognitive decline in older adults with mild cognitive impairment syndrome (MCI), a high risk for dementia. DESIGN: A 3-arm, single-blind randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Community. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 201 Japanese adults with MCI (mean age: 76.0 years, 52% women). INTERVENTIONS: Participants were randomized into 1 of 2 cognitive leisure activity programs (60 minutes weekly for 40 weeks): dance (n = 67) and playing musical instruments (n = 67), or a health education control group (n = 67). MEASUREMENTS: Primary outcomes were memory function changes at 40 weeks. Secondary outcomes included changes in Mini-Mental State Examination and nonmemory domain (Trail Making Tests A and B) scores. RESULTS: At 40 weeks, the dance group showed improved memory recall scores compared with controls [mean change (SD): dance group 0.73 (1.9) vs controls 0.01 (1.9); P = .011], whereas the music group did not show an improvement compared with controls (P = .123). Both dance [mean change (SD): 0.29 (2.6); P = .026] and music groups [mean change (SD): 0.46 (2.1); P = .008] showed improved Mini-Mental State Examination scores compared with controls [mean change (SD): -0.36 (2.3)]. No difference in the nonmemory cognitive tests was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term cognitive leisure activity programs involving dance or playing musical instruments resulted in improvements in memory and general cognitive function compared with a health education program in older adults with MCI. TRIAL REGISTRATION: UMIN-CTR UMIN000014261.
RCT Entities:
OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that a long-term, structured cognitive leisure activity program is more effective than a health education program at reducing the risk of further cognitive decline in older adults with mild cognitive impairment syndrome (MCI), a high risk for dementia. DESIGN: A 3-arm, single-blind randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Community. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 201 Japanese adults with MCI (mean age: 76.0 years, 52% women). INTERVENTIONS:Participants were randomized into 1 of 2 cognitive leisure activity programs (60 minutes weekly for 40 weeks): dance (n = 67) and playing musical instruments (n = 67), or a health education control group (n = 67). MEASUREMENTS: Primary outcomes were memory function changes at 40 weeks. Secondary outcomes included changes in Mini-Mental State Examination and nonmemory domain (Trail Making Tests A and B) scores. RESULTS: At 40 weeks, the dance group showed improved memory recall scores compared with controls [mean change (SD): dance group 0.73 (1.9) vs controls 0.01 (1.9); P = .011], whereas the music group did not show an improvement compared with controls (P = .123). Both dance [mean change (SD): 0.29 (2.6); P = .026] and music groups [mean change (SD): 0.46 (2.1); P = .008] showed improved Mini-Mental State Examination scores compared with controls [mean change (SD): -0.36 (2.3)]. No difference in the nonmemory cognitive tests was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term cognitive leisure activity programs involving dance or playing musical instruments resulted in improvements in memory and general cognitive function compared with a health education program in older adults with MCI. TRIAL REGISTRATION: UMIN-CTR UMIN000014261.
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