The impact of inflammatory bowel disease on oral health.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) mainly comprises of two separate inflammatory conditions: Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). The aetiology of these conditions is still being explored with current evidence pointing towards a combination of environmental and genetic components. However, the pathophysiology is understood as a cytokine driven inflammatory response. There is significant association between IBD and dental conditions such as dental caries, other infections and periodontitis. Anti-inflammatory medications such as 5 aminosalicylic acid (5ASA), steroids and biological therapies are the treatment of choice for these chronic conditions, dependent on aetiology. Therefore, this article aims to educate dentists regarding possible implications IBD and its treatment can have for clinical practice and future research.