Anna M Hogendorf1, Wojciech Fendler2, Janusz Sierosławski3, Katarzyna Bobeff4, Krzysztof Węgrewicz4, Kamila I Malewska4, Maciej W Przudzik4, Małgorzata Szmigiero-Kawko5, Beata Sztangierska5, Małgorzata Myśliwiec5, Agnieszka Szadkowska2, Wojciech M Młynarski2. 1. Department of Pediatrics, Oncology, Hematology and Diabetology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Sporna 36/50, 91-738, Lodz, Poland. anna.hogendorf@gmail.com. 2. Department of Pediatrics, Oncology, Hematology and Diabetology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Sporna 36/50, 91-738, Lodz, Poland. 3. Department of Studies on Alcoholism and Other Dependencies, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Sobieskiego 9, 02-957, Warsaw, Poland. 4. Students' Scientific Circle at the Department of Pediatrics, Oncology, Hematology and Diabetology, Medical University of Lodz, Sporna 36/50, 91-738, Lodz, Poland. 5. Department of Pediatrics, Diabetology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 7, 80-952, Gdansk, Poland.
Abstract
In this study, we compare the prevalence of alcohol and cigarette use among Polish adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) (n = 209), aged 15-18 years, with that of a large cohort of their healthy peers, using standardized questionnaire used in the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Drugs (ESPAD). The lifetime, previous year, and past 30-day prevalence of alcohol consumption was high among adolescents with T1DM but lower than in the controls (82.8 vs 92.0%, 71.7 vs 85.6%, and 47.5 vs 69.7%, respectively, p < 10-5). The lifetime and 30-day prevalence of cigarette use was also lower among patients than the controls (54.6 vs 65.5%, p = 0.001 and 27.3 vs 35.9%, p = 0.012, respectively). Patients who admitted smoking exhibited worse metabolic control than non-smokers (p < 0.0001) and had a higher chance of developing diabetic ketoacidosis. The incidence of severe hypoglycemia was higher among those who reported getting drunk in the previous 30 days (p = 0.04) and lifetime smoking (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Although alcohol and cigarette consumption is lower than in controls, it is common among teenagers with type 1 diabetes, effecting metabolic control and causing the risk of acute diabetes complications. Better prevention strategies should be implemented in this group of patients in their early teen years. What is Known: • Substance use remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among teenagers with type 1 diabetes. • Current medical literature contains inconsistent data on the prevalence of alcohol and cigarette use among adolescents with type 1 diabetes, mostly due to methodological problems with conducting such surveys. What is New: • Methodological approach: we used a validated questionnaire from the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD) and compared the results to a large national control group of 12,114 healthy students who took part in ESPAD in 2011.
In this study, we compare the prevalence of alcohol and cigarette use among Polish adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) (n = 209), aged 15-18 years, with that of a large cohort of their healthy peers, using standardized questionnaire used in the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Drugs (ESPAD). The lifetime, previous year, and past 30-day prevalence of alcohol consumption was high among adolescents with T1DM but lower than in the controls (82.8 vs 92.0%, 71.7 vs 85.6%, and 47.5 vs 69.7%, respectively, p < 10-5). The lifetime and 30-day prevalence of cigarette use was also lower among patients than the controls (54.6 vs 65.5%, p = 0.001 and 27.3 vs 35.9%, p = 0.012, respectively). Patients who admitted smoking exhibited worse metabolic control than non-smokers (p < 0.0001) and had a higher chance of developing diabetic ketoacidosis. The incidence of severe hypoglycemia was higher among those who reported getting drunk in the previous 30 days (p = 0.04) and lifetime smoking (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Although alcohol and cigarette consumption is lower than in controls, it is common among teenagers with type 1 diabetes, effecting metabolic control and causing the risk of acute diabetes complications. Better prevention strategies should be implemented in this group of patients in their early teen years. What is Known: • Substance use remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among teenagers with type 1 diabetes. • Current medical literature contains inconsistent data on the prevalence of alcohol and cigarette use among adolescents with type 1 diabetes, mostly due to methodological problems with conducting such surveys. What is New: • Methodological approach: we used a validated questionnaire from the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD) and compared the results to a large national control group of 12,114 healthy students who took part in ESPAD in 2011.
Entities:
Keywords:
Adolescents; Alcohol; Cigarettes; Metabolic control; Type 1 diabetes
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