Karen L Oliver1, Silvana Franceschetti2, Carol J Milligan3, Mikko Muona4,5,6,7, Simone A Mandelstam8,9,10, Laura Canafoglia2, Anna M Boguszewska-Chachulska11, Amos D Korczyn12, Francesca Bisulli13,14, Carlo Di Bonaventura15, Francesca Ragona16, Roberto Michelucci13,17, Bruria Ben-Zeev12,18, Rachel Straussberg12,19, Ferruccio Panzica2, João Massano20,21, Daniel Friedman22, Arielle Crespel23, Bernt A Engelsen24, Frederick Andermann25,26, Eva Andermann27,28, Krystyna Spodar11, Anetta Lasek-Bal29, Patrizia Riguzzi13,17, Elena Pasini13,17, Paolo Tinuper13,14, Laura Licchetta13,14, Elena Gardella30,31, Matthias Lindenau32, Annette Wulf32, Rikke S Møller30,31, Felix Benninger33, Zaid Afawi12, Guido Rubboli13,34, Christopher A Reid3, Snezana Maljevic3,35, Holger Lerche35, Anna-Elina Lehesjoki5,6,7, Steven Petrou3,36, Samuel F Berkovic1. 1. Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia. 2. Department of Neurophysiology, C. Besta Neurological Institute IRCCS Foundation, Milan, Italy. 3. Ion Channels and Disease Group, Epilepsy Division, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. 4. Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. 5. Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland. 6. Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. 7. Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. 8. Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. 9. Departments of Paediatrics and Radiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. 10. Department of Medical Imaging, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. 11. Genomed Health Care Center, Genomed, Warsaw, Poland. 12. Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. 13. IRCCS-Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. 14. Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. 15. Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Rome, La Sapienza, Rome, Italy. 16. Department of Pediatric Neuroscience, C. Besta Neurological Institute IRCCS Foundation, Milan, Italy. 17. Unit of Neurology, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy. 18. Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel. 19. Epilepsy Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikvah, Israel. 20. Department of Neurology, Hospital Pedro Hispano/ULS Matosinhos, Senhora da Hora, Portugal. 21. Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. 22. Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY. 23. Epilepsy Unit, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier, France. 24. Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. 25. Epilepsy Research Group, Montreal Neurological Hospital and Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. 26. Departments of Neurology & Neurosurgery and Paediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. 27. Neurogenetics Unit and Epilepsy Research Group, Montreal Neurological Hospital and Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. 28. Departments of Neurology & Neurosurgery and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. 29. High School of Science, Medical University of Silesia, Department of Neurology, Upper Silesian Medical Center, Katowice, Poland. 30. Danish Epilepsy Center, Dianalund, Denmark. 31. Institute for Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark. 32. Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Epilepsy Center Hamburg-Alsterdorf, Hamburg, Germany. 33. Department of Neurology, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah Tikvah, Israel. 34. Danish Epilepsy Center, Filadelfia/University of Copenhagen, Dianalund, Denmark. 35. University of Tübingen, Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tübingen, Germany. 36. Centre for Neural Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To comprehensively describe the new syndrome of myoclonus epilepsy and ataxia due to potassium channel mutation (MEAK), including cellular electrophysiological characterization of observed clinical improvement with fever. METHODS: We analyzed clinical, electroclinical, and neuroimaging data for 20 patients with MEAK due to recurrent KCNC1 p.R320H mutation. In vitro electrophysiological studies were conducted using whole cell patch-clamp to explore biophysical properties of wild-type and mutant KV 3.1 channels. RESULTS: Symptoms began at between 3 and 15 years of age (median = 9.5), with progressively severe myoclonus and rare tonic-clonic seizures. Ataxia was present early, but quickly became overshadowed by myoclonus; 10 patients were wheelchair-bound by their late teenage years. Mild cognitive decline occurred in half. Early death was not observed. Electroencephalogram (EEG) showed generalized spike and polyspike wave discharges, with documented photosensitivity in most. Polygraphic EEG-electromyographic studies demonstrated a cortical origin for myoclonus and striking coactivation of agonist and antagonist muscles. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed symmetrical cerebellar atrophy, which appeared progressive, and a prominent corpus callosum. Unexpectedly, transient clinical improvement with fever was noted in 6 patients. To explore this, we performed high-temperature in vitro recordings. At elevated temperatures, there was a robust leftward shift in activation of wild-type KV 3.1, increasing channel availability. INTERPRETATION: MEAK has a relatively homogeneous presentation, resembling Unverricht-Lundborg disease, despite the genetic and biological basis being quite different. A remarkable improvement with fever may be explained by the temperature-dependent leftward shift in activation of wild-type KV 3.1 subunit-containing channels, which would counter the loss of function observed for mutant channels, highlighting KCNC1 as a potential target for precision therapeutics. Ann Neurol 2017;81:677-689.
OBJECTIVE: To comprehensively describe the new syndrome of myoclonus epilepsy and ataxia due to potassium channel mutation (MEAK), including cellular electrophysiological characterization of observed clinical improvement with fever. METHODS: We analyzed clinical, electroclinical, and neuroimaging data for 20 patients with MEAK due to recurrent KCNC1p.R320H mutation. In vitro electrophysiological studies were conducted using whole cell patch-clamp to explore biophysical properties of wild-type and mutant KV 3.1 channels. RESULTS: Symptoms began at between 3 and 15 years of age (median = 9.5), with progressively severe myoclonus and rare tonic-clonic seizures. Ataxia was present early, but quickly became overshadowed by myoclonus; 10 patients were wheelchair-bound by their late teenage years. Mild cognitive decline occurred in half. Early death was not observed. Electroencephalogram (EEG) showed generalized spike and polyspike wave discharges, with documented photosensitivity in most. Polygraphic EEG-electromyographic studies demonstrated a cortical origin for myoclonus and striking coactivation of agonist and antagonist muscles. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed symmetrical cerebellar atrophy, which appeared progressive, and a prominent corpus callosum. Unexpectedly, transient clinical improvement with fever was noted in 6 patients. To explore this, we performed high-temperature in vitro recordings. At elevated temperatures, there was a robust leftward shift in activation of wild-type KV 3.1, increasing channel availability. INTERPRETATION: MEAK has a relatively homogeneous presentation, resembling Unverricht-Lundborg disease, despite the genetic and biological basis being quite different. A remarkable improvement with fever may be explained by the temperature-dependent leftward shift in activation of wild-type KV 3.1 subunit-containing channels, which would counter the loss of function observed for mutant channels, highlighting KCNC1 as a potential target for precision therapeutics. Ann Neurol 2017;81:677-689.
Authors: Carolina Courage; Karen L Oliver; Eon Joo Park; Jillian M Cameron; Kariona A Grabińska; Mikko Muona; Laura Canafoglia; Antonio Gambardella; Edith Said; Zaid Afawi; Betul Baykan; Christian Brandt; Carlo di Bonaventura; Hui Bein Chew; Chiara Criscuolo; Leanne M Dibbens; Barbara Castellotti; Patrizia Riguzzi; Angelo Labate; Alessandro Filla; Anna T Giallonardo; Geza Berecki; Christopher B Jackson; Tarja Joensuu; John A Damiano; Sara Kivity; Amos Korczyn; Aarno Palotie; Pasquale Striano; Davide Uccellini; Loretta Giuliano; Eva Andermann; Ingrid E Scheffer; Roberto Michelucci; Melanie Bahlo; Silvana Franceschetti; William C Sessa; Samuel F Berkovic; Anna-Elina Lehesjoki Journal: Am J Hum Genet Date: 2021-04-01 Impact factor: 11.025
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