Nonadrenergic and noncholinergic excitatory neurotransmission in rat intrapulmonary artery.

Electrical responses evoked by perivascular nerve stimulation were recorded from rat small intrapulmonary artery with the microelectrode technique. Nerve stimulation with a single pulse produced an excitatory junction potential that was insensitive to phentolamine, propranolol, atropine, ketanserin, mepyramine, and guanethidine but was abolished by tetrodotoxin. Treatment with reserpine in vivo or with 6-hydroxydopamine in vitro had no significant effect on the amplitude of the junction potentials. In the mesenteric arteries from the same rats, these procedures led to the inhibition of the junction potentials, confirming adequate functional sympathectomy. Low concentrations of alpha, beta-methylene ATP attenuated the amplitude of the excitatory junction potential without changing the membrane potential. The membrane depolarization induced by norepinephrine or serotonin were not. It is concluded that the excitatory junction potential in rat pulmonary artery results from the release of a nonadrenergic, noncholinergic neurotransmitter from perivascular nerves that are not sympathetic and that the most likely transmitter is ATP. Such neurotransmission may play a role in the regulation of regional pulmonary blood flow.