PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to present a straightforward implementation of facial recognition using the Microsoft Kinect v2 sensor for patient identification in a radiotherapy setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A facial recognition system was created with the Microsoft Kinect v2 using a facial mapping library distributed with the Kinect v2 SDK as a basis for the algorithm. The system extracts 31 fiducial points representing various facial landmarks which are used in both the creation of a reference data set and subsequent evaluations of real-time sensor data in the matching algorithm. To test the algorithm, a database of 39 faces was created, each with 465 vectors derived from the fiducial points, and a one-to-one matching procedure was performed to obtain sensitivity and specificity data of the facial identification system. ROC curves were plotted to display system performance and identify thresholds for match determination. In addition, system performance as a function of ambient light intensity was tested. RESULTS: Using optimized parameters in the matching algorithm, the sensitivity of the system for 5299 trials was 96.5% and the specificity was 96.7%. The results indicate a fairly robust methodology for verifying, in real-time, a specific face through comparison from a precollected reference data set. In its current implementation, the process of data collection for each face and subsequent matching session averaged approximately 30 s, which may be too onerous to provide a realistic supplement to patient identification in a clinical setting. Despite the time commitment, the data collection process was well tolerated by all participants and most robust when consistent ambient light conditions were maintained across both the reference recording session and subsequent real-time identification sessions. CONCLUSION: A facial recognition system can be implemented for patient identification using the Microsoft Kinect v2 sensor and the distributed SDK. In its present form, the system is accurate-if time consuming-and further iterations of the method could provide a robust, easy to implement, and cost-effective supplement to traditional patient identification methods.
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to present a straightforward implementation of facial recognition using the Microsoft Kinect v2 sensor for patient identification in a radiotherapy setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A facial recognition system was created with the Microsoft Kinect v2 using a facial mapping library distributed with the Kinect v2 SDK as a basis for the algorithm. The system extracts 31 fiducial points representing various facial landmarks which are used in both the creation of a reference data set and subsequent evaluations of real-time sensor data in the matching algorithm. To test the algorithm, a database of 39 faces was created, each with 465 vectors derived from the fiducial points, and a one-to-one matching procedure was performed to obtain sensitivity and specificity data of the facial identification system. ROC curves were plotted to display system performance and identify thresholds for match determination. In addition, system performance as a function of ambient light intensity was tested. RESULTS: Using optimized parameters in the matching algorithm, the sensitivity of the system for 5299 trials was 96.5% and the specificity was 96.7%. The results indicate a fairly robust methodology for verifying, in real-time, a specific face through comparison from a precollected reference data set. In its current implementation, the process of data collection for each face and subsequent matching session averaged approximately 30 s, which may be too onerous to provide a realistic supplement to patient identification in a clinical setting. Despite the time commitment, the data collection process was well tolerated by all participants and most robust when consistent ambient light conditions were maintained across both the reference recording session and subsequent real-time identification sessions. CONCLUSION: A facial recognition system can be implemented for patient identification using the Microsoft Kinect v2 sensor and the distributed SDK. In its present form, the system is accurate-if time consuming-and further iterations of the method could provide a robust, easy to implement, and cost-effective supplement to traditional patient identification methods.
Authors: Sang Kyu Lee; Sheng Huang; Lei Zhang; Ase M Ballangrud; Michalis Aristophanous; Laura I Cervino Arriba; Guang Li Journal: J Appl Clin Med Phys Date: 2021-03-31 Impact factor: 2.102
Authors: Hania A Al-Hallaq; Laura Cerviño; Alonso N Gutierrez; Amanda Havnen-Smith; Susan A Higgins; Malin Kügele; Laura Padilla; Todd Pawlicki; Nicholas Remmes; Koren Smith; Xiaoli Tang; Wolfgang A Tomé Journal: Med Phys Date: 2022-03-15 Impact factor: 4.506
Authors: Lawrie Skinner; Rick Knopp; Yi-Chun Wang; Piotr Dubrowski; Karl K Bush; Alyssa Limmer; Nicholas Trakul; Lynn Million; Carol M Marquez; Amy S Yu Journal: J Appl Clin Med Phys Date: 2021-05-27 Impact factor: 2.102