Yun Li 1 , Alexandros N Vgontzas 1 , Julio Fernandez-Mendoza 1 , Ilia Kritikou 1 , Maria Basta 1 , Slobodanka Pejovic 1 , Jordan Gaines 1 , Edward O Bixler 1 Show Affiliations »
Abstract
Study objectives: Objective and subjective measures of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) are only weakly associated. No study, however, has examined whether these two measures of EDS differ in terms of underlying mechanisms and prognostic value. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, that is, interleukin-6 (IL-6) appear to promote sleepiness/fatigue, while the stress hormone cortisol promotes vigilance. We hypothesized that objective sleepiness is associated with increased levels of IL-6 and decreased levels of cortisol. Methods: We studied 58 obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients with clinical EDS and/or cardiovascular comorbidities who underwent 8-hour in-lab polysomnography for four consecutive nights. Objective and subjective daytime sleepiness were measured by Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS), respectively. Twenty-four-hour profiles of IL-6 and cortisol levels were assessed on the fourth day. Results: The agreement between objective and subjective EDS in OSA patients was fair (kappa = 0.22). Objective EDS (lower MSLT) in OSA patients was associated with significantly elevated 24-hour (β = -0.34, p = .01), daytime (β = -0.30, p = .02) and nighttime (β = -0.38, p < .01) IL-6 levels, and significantly decreased daytime (β = 0.35, p = .01) cortisol levels. In contrast, subjective EDS (higher ESS/SSS) was not associated with either elevated IL-6 levels or decreased cortisol levels. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that OSA with objective EDS is the more severe phenotype of the disorder associated with low-grade inflammation, a link to cardiometabolic morbidity and mortality. Compared to subjective EDS, objective EDS is a stronger predictor of OSA severity and may be useful in the clinical management of the disorder. © Sleep Research Society 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Sleep Research Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.
Study objectives: Objective and subjective measures of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) are only weakly associated. No study, however, has examined whether these two measures of EDS differ in terms of underlying mechanisms and prognostic value. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, that is, interleukin-6 (IL-6 ) appear to promote sleepiness /fatigue , while the stress hormone cortisol promotes vigilance. We hypothesized that objective sleepiness is associated with increased levels of IL-6 and decreased levels of cortisol. Methods: We studied 58 obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients with clinical EDS and/or cardiovascular comorbidities who underwent 8-hour in-lab polysomnography for four consecutive nights. Objective and subjective daytime sleepiness were measured by Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS), respectively. Twenty-four-hour profiles of IL-6 and cortisol levels were assessed on the fourth day. Results: The agreement between objective and subjective EDS in OSA patients was fair (kappa = 0.22). Objective EDS (lower MSLT) in OSA patients was associated with significantly elevated 24-hour (β = -0.34, p = .01), daytime (β = -0.30, p = .02) and nighttime (β = -0.38, p < .01) IL-6 levels, and significantly decreased daytime (β = 0.35, p = .01) cortisol levels. In contrast, subjective EDS (higher ESS/SSS) was not associated with either elevated IL-6 levels or decreased cortisol levels. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that OSA with objective EDS is the more severe phenotype of the disorder associated with low-grade inflammation , a link to cardiometabolic morbidity and mortality. Compared to subjective EDS, objective EDS is a stronger predictor of OSA severity and may be useful in the clinical management of the disorder. © Sleep Research Society 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Sleep Research Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.
Entities: Disease
Gene
Species
Keywords:
cortisol.; excessive daytime sleepiness; interleukin-6; objective daytime sleepiness; sleep apnea
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Year: 2017
PMID： 28364485 PMCID： PMC6251609 DOI： 10.1093/sleep/zsw033
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Sleep ISSN： 0161-8105 Impact factor: 5.849