Cognitive Impairment in Multiple Sclerosis: Historical Aspects, Current Status, and Beyond.

Although the cognitive symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS) were acknowledged in the 1800s, until the latter part of the 20th century, these symptoms were poorly recognized. Cognitive impairment associated with MS has a profound impact on many aspects of daily life, including employment, academic life, and social functioning. The cognitive reserve can be protected in MS patients to a certain limit, and prevention might be linked to early treatment. The analyses of historical and contemporary data can help researchers gain a clear vision of the direction in which to proceed in the future for better insight into cognitive issues in MS.