Feride Yildirim1, Suat Küçükgöncü2, Engin Emrem Beştepe3, Murat Serkan Yildirim1. 1. Clinic of Psychiatry, Erzurum Education Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey. 2. Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven CT, USA. 3. Clinic of Psychiatry, Erenköy Mental Health and Neurological Diseases Education and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Unipolar depression is an important psychiatric disorder that leads to an increased risk of suicide. However, not all depression patients attempt suicide. This reflects the presence of other factors that may be related to suicide other than the sole presence of psychopathology. Drawing upon the clinical evidence linking childhood abuse and neglect experiences with suicide; this study aimed at investigating the relationship of childhood abuse and neglect experiences with suicide attempts in patients with unipolar depression. METHOD: One hundred six unipolar depressed patients between the ages of 18 and 65 were included in the study. Patients with comorbid psychiatric disorders, neurological disorders, alcohol-substance abuse problems, and a Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) score of <17 were excluded from the study. The BDI, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-28), State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI), and the Suicide Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ) were administered to all patients. Suicidal and non-suicidal cases were determined according to clinic interviews and the patients' responses in the SBQ. RESULTS: Sixty-four patients have previously attempted suicide. Although there was no significant difference between unipolar depression patients with a history of suicide attempts and patients with no history of suicide attempts in terms of average age, education and marital status, however, female/male ratio in the former group was determined to be significantly higher. BDI, STAXI continuous anger and outward anger average scores, and average CTQ-28 emotional abuse, physical abuse and total scores were significantly higher in the group with a history of suicide attempts. The predictors of suicide attempts were higher BDI and CTQ-28 physical abuse scores and female gender. The predictors for average SBQ scores were determined as higher BDI, CTQ-28 sexual abuse, and STAXI outward anger and continuous anger scores. CONCLUSION: Childhood physical and sexual abuse experiences are important factors in evaluating the presence of suicide attempts and risk of suicide in patients with unipolar depression. Careful questioning of traumatic childhood experiences during psychiatric examinations and monitoring of depression patients is crucial in determining treatment protocols and preventing suicide attempts.
INTRODUCTION:Unipolar depression is an important psychiatric disorder that leads to an increased risk of suicide. However, not all depressionpatients attempt suicide. This reflects the presence of other factors that may be related to suicide other than the sole presence of psychopathology. Drawing upon the clinical evidence linking childhood abuse and neglect experiences with suicide; this study aimed at investigating the relationship of childhood abuse and neglect experiences with suicide attempts in patients with unipolar depression. METHOD: One hundred six unipolar depressedpatients between the ages of 18 and 65 were included in the study. Patients with comorbid psychiatric disorders, neurological disorders, alcohol-substance abuse problems, and a Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) score of <17 were excluded from the study. The BDI, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-28), State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI), and the Suicide Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ) were administered to all patients. Suicidal and non-suicidal cases were determined according to clinic interviews and the patients' responses in the SBQ. RESULTS: Sixty-four patients have previously attempted suicide. Although there was no significant difference between unipolar depressionpatients with a history of suicide attempts and patients with no history of suicide attempts in terms of average age, education and marital status, however, female/male ratio in the former group was determined to be significantly higher. BDI, STAXI continuous anger and outward anger average scores, and average CTQ-28 emotional abuse, physical abuse and total scores were significantly higher in the group with a history of suicide attempts. The predictors of suicide attempts were higher BDI and CTQ-28 physical abuse scores and female gender. The predictors for average SBQ scores were determined as higher BDI, CTQ-28 sexual abuse, and STAXI outward anger and continuous anger scores. CONCLUSION: Childhood physical and sexual abuse experiences are important factors in evaluating the presence of suicide attempts and risk of suicide in patients with unipolar depression. Careful questioning of traumatic childhood experiences during psychiatric examinations and monitoring of depressionpatients is crucial in determining treatment protocols and preventing suicide attempts.
Authors: Thomas E Joiner; Natalie J Sachs-Ericsson; LaRicka R Wingate; Jessica S Brown; Michael D Anestis; Edward A Selby Journal: Behav Res Ther Date: 2006-06-12
Authors: D P Bernstein; L Fink; L Handelsman; J Foote; M Lovejoy; K Wenzel; E Sapareto; J Ruggiero Journal: Am J Psychiatry Date: 1994-08 Impact factor: 18.112
Authors: Maurizio Pompili; Zoltán Rihmer; Hagop S Akiskal; Marco Innamorati; Paolo Iliceto; Kareen K Akiskal; David Lester; Valentina Narciso; Stefano Ferracuti; Roberto Tatarelli; Eleonora De Pisa; Paolo Girardi Journal: Psychopathology Date: 2008-07-19 Impact factor: 1.944