Kenneth R Gundle1,2, Sanjay Gupta3, Lisa Kafchinski4, Anthony M Griffin5, Rita A Kandel6, Brendan C Dickson6, Peter W Chung7,8, Charles N Catton7,8, Brian O'Sullivan7,8, Peter C Ferguson5,9, Jay S Wunder5,9. 1. Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, OP31, Portland, OR, 97239, USA. gundle@ohsu.edu. 2. Operative Care Division, Portland VA Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA. gundle@ohsu.edu. 3. University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK. 4. Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA. 5. University Musculoskeletal Oncology Unit, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada. 6. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada. 7. Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada. 8. Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. 9. Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The risk of local recurrence (LR) after soft tissue sarcoma (STS) resection is higher in the setting of inadvertent positive margins (IPMs). This study assessed whether both tumor- and surgery-related factors contribute to IPMs, and whether tumor- versus surgery-related IPMs differ in LR or overall survival (OS). METHODS: Retrospective review of a tertiary center database identified patients with IPMs following STS resection between 1989 and 2014. Of 2234 resected STSs, 309 (13%) had positive margins; 89 (4%) were IPMs. Mean follow-up was 52 months, mean tumor size was 9.2 cm, and 55% were high grade. Cases were categorized as surgery-related (67, 75%) or tumor-related (22, 25%). RESULTS: There was a significant difference in positive margin location, with the deep margin commonly involved in surgery-related IPMs (55% vs. 9%; p < 0.001). Tissue type also differed (p = 0.01), with surgery-related IPMs frequently in muscle (33%), while tumor-related IPMs favored subcutaneous tissues (41%). STSs with surgery-related IPMs were larger (p = 0.01). Histologic subtypes differed (p = 0.02), with myxofibrosarcoma and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma/malignant fibrous histiocytoma predominating in tumor-related IPMs (82%). The cumulative probability of LR after IPMs, with death as a competing risk, was 28% (95% confidence interval [CI] 18-35) at 5 years and 37% (95% CI 24-45) at 10 years. Mortality was 28% (95% CI 18-38) at 5 years and 38% (26-50) at 10 years. There was no difference in LR (p = 0.91) or OS (p = 0.44) between surgery- and tumor-related IPMS. CONCLUSIONS: IPMs after STS resection results in substantial LR risk. While demonstrating distinct surgery- and tumor-related contributions, there was no between-group difference in LR or OS. These results may aid in avoiding IPMs. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level III, retrospective comparative study.
BACKGROUND: The risk of local recurrence (LR) after soft tissue sarcoma (STS) resection is higher in the setting of inadvertent positive margins (IPMs). This study assessed whether both tumor- and surgery-related factors contribute to IPMs, and whether tumor- versus surgery-related IPMs differ in LR or overall survival (OS). METHODS: Retrospective review of a tertiary center database identified patients with IPMs following STS resection between 1989 and 2014. Of 2234 resected STSs, 309 (13%) had positive margins; 89 (4%) were IPMs. Mean follow-up was 52 months, mean tumor size was 9.2 cm, and 55% were high grade. Cases were categorized as surgery-related (67, 75%) or tumor-related (22, 25%). RESULTS: There was a significant difference in positive margin location, with the deep margin commonly involved in surgery-related IPMs (55% vs. 9%; p < 0.001). Tissue type also differed (p = 0.01), with surgery-related IPMs frequently in muscle (33%), while tumor-related IPMs favored subcutaneous tissues (41%). STSs with surgery-related IPMs were larger (p = 0.01). Histologic subtypes differed (p = 0.02), with myxofibrosarcoma and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma/malignant fibrous histiocytoma predominating in tumor-related IPMs (82%). The cumulative probability of LR after IPMs, with death as a competing risk, was 28% (95% confidence interval [CI] 18-35) at 5 years and 37% (95% CI 24-45) at 10 years. Mortality was 28% (95% CI 18-38) at 5 years and 38% (26-50) at 10 years. There was no difference in LR (p = 0.91) or OS (p = 0.44) between surgery- and tumor-related IPMS. CONCLUSIONS: IPMs after STS resection results in substantial LR risk. While demonstrating distinct surgery- and tumor-related contributions, there was no between-group difference in LR or OS. These results may aid in avoiding IPMs. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level III, retrospective comparative study.
Authors: David A J Wilson; Aaron Gazendam; Julia Visgauss; David Perrin; Anthony M Griffin; Peter W Chung; Charles N Catton; David Shultz; Peter C Ferguson; Jay S Wunder Journal: Ann Surg Oncol Date: 2020-03-09 Impact factor: 5.344
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