R Scherder1, N Kant2, E Wolf1, A C M Pijnenburg3, E Scherder1. 1. Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 2. Nieuw Unicum, Zandvoort, The Netherlands. 3. Department of Orthopaedics, Amstelland Hospital, Amstelveen, The Netherlands.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The goal of the present study was to examine the relationship between pain and cognition in patients with multiple sclerosis. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: Nursing home and personal environment of the investigators. SUBJECTS: Two groups of participants were included: 91 patients with multiple sclerosis and 80 matched control participants. METHODS: The level of pain was measured by the following pain scales: Number of Words Chosen-Affective, Colored Analogue Scale for pain intensity and suffering from pain, and the Faces Pain Scale. Mood was tested by administering the Beck Depression Inventory and the Symptom Check List-90 anxiety and depression subscale. Global cognitive functioning was assessed by the Mini Mental State Examination. Memory and executive functions were assessed by several neuropsychological tests. RESULTS: Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients scored significantly lower than control participants on the majority of the neuropsychological tests. The MS patients experienced more pain compared with control participants, despite the fact that they were taking significantly more pain medication. No significant correlation was observed between cognition and pain in MS patients. Verbal working memory explained 10% of pain intensity (trend). Mood appeared to be a significant predictor of pain in patients with multiple sclerosis. CONCLUSION: The lack of a relationship between cognition and pain might be explained by the fact that, compared with control participants, patients with multiple sclerosis activate other non-pain-related areas to perform executive functions and memory tasks.
OBJECTIVE: The goal of the present study was to examine the relationship between pain and cognition in patients with multiple sclerosis. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: Nursing home and personal environment of the investigators. SUBJECTS: Two groups of participants were included: 91 patients with multiple sclerosis and 80 matched control participants. METHODS: The level of pain was measured by the following pain scales: Number of Words Chosen-Affective, Colored Analogue Scale for pain intensity and suffering from pain, and the Faces Pain Scale. Mood was tested by administering the Beck Depression Inventory and the Symptom Check List-90 anxiety and depression subscale. Global cognitive functioning was assessed by the Mini Mental State Examination. Memory and executive functions were assessed by several neuropsychological tests. RESULTS: Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients scored significantly lower than control participants on the majority of the neuropsychological tests. The MS patients experienced more pain compared with control participants, despite the fact that they were taking significantly more pain medication. No significant correlation was observed between cognition and pain in MS patients. Verbal working memory explained 10% of pain intensity (trend). Mood appeared to be a significant predictor of pain in patients with multiple sclerosis. CONCLUSION: The lack of a relationship between cognition and pain might be explained by the fact that, compared with control participants, patients with multiple sclerosis activate other non-pain-related areas to perform executive functions and memory tasks.
Authors: Peter Foley; Yazhuo Kong; Ramune Dirvanskiene; Maria Valdes-Hernandez; Matteo Bastiani; Jonathan Murnane; Robin Sellar; Neil Roberts; Cyril Pernet; Christopher Weir; Thomas Bak; Lesley Colvin; Siddharthan Chandran; Marie Fallon; Irene Tracey Journal: Brain Commun Date: 2022-05-17
Authors: Rogier J Scherder; Neeltje Kant; Evelien T Wolf; Bas C M Pijnenburg; Erik J A Scherder Journal: Pain Res Manag Date: 2018-04-23 Impact factor: 3.037