T Sawano1, A Ozaki1, Y Shimada2, C Leppold3, M Tsubokura4, M Tsukada1, M Kami5, H Ohira1. 1. From the Department of Surgery. 2. Department of Neurosurgery, Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Minamisoma, Fukushima 975-0033, Japan. 3. Global Public Health Unit, School of Social and Political Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9LD, UK. 4. Department of Radiation Protection, Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Minamisoma, Fukushima 975-0033. 5. Medical Governance Research Institute, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0074, Japan.