S Haahr1, S W Michelsen1, M Andersson1, K Bjorn-Mortensen1, B Soborg1, J Wohlfahrt1, M Melbye1,2,3, A Koch1. 1. Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark. 2. Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark and. 3. Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Abstract
Background: The potential non-specific effects of BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) vaccination, with reported reduction of infectious disease morbidity among vaccinated children, in addition to the protective effect against tuberculosis (TB), are highly debated. In Greenland, BCG vaccination was introduced in 1955, but temporarily discontinued from 1991 to 1996 due to nationwide policy changes. Using the transient vaccination stop, we aimed to investigate possible non-specific effects of BCG vaccination by measuring nation-wide hospitalization rates due to infectious diseases other than TB among vaccinated and unvaccinated children. Methods: A retrospective cohort study including all children born in Greenland aged 3 months to 3 years from 1989 to 2004. A personal identification number assigned at birth allowed for follow-up through national registers. Information on hospitalization due to infectious diseases was obtained from the Greenlandic inpatient register using ICD-8 and ICD-10 codes. Participants with notified TB were censored. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) were estimated using Poisson regression. Results: Overall, 19 363 children, hereof 66% BCG-vaccinated, were followed for 44 065 person-years and had 2069 hospitalizations due to infectious diseases. IRRs of hospitalization in BCG-vaccinated as compared with BCG-unvaccinated children were 1.07 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.96-1.20] for infectious diseases overall, and specifically 1.10 (95% CI 0.98-1.24) for respiratory tract infections. Among BCG-vaccinated children aged 3 to 11 months, the IRR of hospitalization due to infectious diseases was 1.00 (95% CI 0.84-1.19) as compared with BCG-unvaccinated children. Conclusion: Our results do not support the hypothesis that neonatal BCG vaccination reduces morbidity in children caused by infectious diseases other than TB.
Background: The potential non-specific effects of BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) vaccination, with reported reduction of infectious disease morbidity among vaccinated children, in addition to the protective effect against tuberculosis (TB), are highly debated. In Greenland, BCG vaccination was introduced in 1955, but temporarily discontinued from 1991 to 1996 due to nationwide policy changes. Using the transient vaccination stop, we aimed to investigate possible non-specific effects of BCG vaccination by measuring nation-wide hospitalization rates due to infectious diseases other than TB among vaccinated and unvaccinated children. Methods: A retrospective cohort study including all children born in Greenland aged 3 months to 3 years from 1989 to 2004. A personal identification number assigned at birth allowed for follow-up through national registers. Information on hospitalization due to infectious diseases was obtained from the Greenlandic inpatient register using ICD-8 and ICD-10 codes. Participants with notified TB were censored. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) were estimated using Poisson regression. Results: Overall, 19 363 children, hereof 66% BCG-vaccinated, were followed for 44 065 person-years and had 2069 hospitalizations due to infectious diseases. IRRs of hospitalization in BCG-vaccinated as compared with BCG-unvaccinated children were 1.07 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.96-1.20] for infectious diseases overall, and specifically 1.10 (95% CI 0.98-1.24) for respiratory tract infections. Among BCG-vaccinated children aged 3 to 11 months, the IRR of hospitalization due to infectious diseases was 1.00 (95% CI 0.84-1.19) as compared with BCG-unvaccinated children. Conclusion: Our results do not support the hypothesis that neonatal BCG vaccination reduces morbidity in children caused by infectious diseases other than TB.
Authors: Nicole L Messina; Kaya Gardiner; Susan Donath; Katie Flanagan; Anne-Louise Ponsonby; Frank Shann; Roy Robins-Browne; Bridget Freyne; Veronica Abruzzo; Clare Morison; Lianne Cox; Susie Germano; Christel Zufferey; Petra Zimmermann; Katie J Allen; Peter Vuillermin; Mike South; Dan Casalaz; Nigel Curtis Journal: BMJ Open Date: 2019-12-15 Impact factor: 2.692
Authors: Morven Wilkie; Rachel Tanner; Daniel Wright; Raquel Lopez Ramon; Julia Beglov; Michael Riste; Julia L Marshall; Stephanie A Harris; Paulo J G Bettencourt; Ali Hamidi; Pauline M van Diemen; Paul Moss; Iman Satti; David Wyllie; Helen McShane Journal: Sci Rep Date: 2022-05-12 Impact factor: 4.996
Authors: Joann Diray-Arce; Asimenia Angelidou; Kristoffer Jarlov Jensen; Maria Giulia Conti; Rachel S Kelly; Matthew A Pettengill; Mark Liu; Simon D van Haren; Scott D McCulloch; Greg Michelloti; Olubukola Idoko; Tobias R Kollmann; Beate Kampmann; Hanno Steen; Al Ozonoff; Jessica Lasky-Su; Christine S Benn; Ofer Levy Journal: Cell Rep Date: 2022-05-03 Impact factor: 9.995