Benedetto Vitiello1, Guillermo Perez Algorta2, L Eugene Arnold3, Andrea L Howard4, Annamarie Stehli5, Brooke S G Molina6. 1. Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy. He was with the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Bethesda, MD, when this research was conducted. Electronic address: bvitiell@unito.it. 2. Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK. 3. Ohio State University, Columbus. 4. Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada. 5. University of California-Irvine. 6. University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of psychotic symptoms among youths (14-25 years of age) with a childhood diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) combined type. METHOD: Participants in the Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with ADHD (MTA) and a local normative comparison group (LNCG) were systematically assessed 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 years after the original enrollment at a mean age of 8.5 years. Trained research assistants administered a psychosis screener, and positive screens were referred to study clinicians to confirm or exclude psychosis. Possible associations between screening positive and alcohol or substance use were assessed. RESULTS: Data were available from 509 MTA participants (88% of original MTA sample; mean age 25.1 years) and 276 LNCG participants (96% of original sample; mean age 24.6 years) at year 16. Twenty-six MTA participants (5%; 95% CI 3-7) and 11 LNCG participants (4%; 95% CI 2-6) screened positive for at least 1 psychotic symptom (p = .60). Most psychotic symptoms were transient. The prevalence of clinician-confirmed psychotic symptoms was 1.1% (95% CI 0.2-2.1) in the MTA group and 0.7% (0-1.7) in the LNCG (p = .72). Greater cannabis use was reported by those who screened positive (p < .05) and were confirmed positive (p < .01). CONCLUSION: There was no evidence that ADHD increased the risk for psychotic symptoms. In the ADHD and normative comparison groups, more frequent cannabis use was associated with a greater likelihood of experiencing psychotic symptoms, thus supporting the recommendation that youth should not use cannabis. Published by Elsevier Inc.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of psychotic symptoms among youths (14-25 years of age) with a childhood diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) combined type. METHOD:Participants in the Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with ADHD (MTA) and a local normative comparison group (LNCG) were systematically assessed 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 years after the original enrollment at a mean age of 8.5 years. Trained research assistants administered a psychosis screener, and positive screens were referred to study clinicians to confirm or exclude psychosis. Possible associations between screening positive and alcohol or substance use were assessed. RESULTS: Data were available from 509 MTA participants (88% of original MTA sample; mean age 25.1 years) and 276 LNCG participants (96% of original sample; mean age 24.6 years) at year 16. Twenty-six MTA participants (5%; 95% CI 3-7) and 11 LNCG participants (4%; 95% CI 2-6) screened positive for at least 1 psychotic symptom (p = .60). Most psychotic symptoms were transient. The prevalence of clinician-confirmed psychotic symptoms was 1.1% (95% CI 0.2-2.1) in the MTA group and 0.7% (0-1.7) in the LNCG (p = .72). Greater cannabis use was reported by those who screened positive (p < .05) and were confirmed positive (p < .01). CONCLUSION: There was no evidence that ADHD increased the risk for psychotic symptoms. In the ADHD and normative comparison groups, more frequent cannabis use was associated with a greater likelihood of experiencing psychotic symptoms, thus supporting the recommendation that youth should not use cannabis. Published by Elsevier Inc.
Authors: S Dalsgaard; P B Mortensen; M Frydenberg; C M Maibing; M Nordentoft; P H Thomsen Journal: Eur Psychiatry Date: 2013-09-07 Impact factor: 5.361
Authors: L E Arnold; H B Abikoff; D P Cantwell; C K Conners; G Elliott; L L Greenhill; L Hechtman; S P Hinshaw; B Hoza; P S Jensen; H C Kraemer; J S March; J H Newcorn; W E Pelham; J E Richters; E Schiller; J B Severe; J M Swanson; D Vereen; K C Wells Journal: Arch Gen Psychiatry Date: 1997-09
Authors: Mary Cannon; Avshalom Caspi; Terrie E Moffitt; HonaLee Harrington; Alan Taylor; Robin M Murray; Richie Poulton Journal: Arch Gen Psychiatry Date: 2002-05
Authors: Monica E Calkins; Tyler M Moore; Kathleen R Merikangas; Marcy Burstein; Theodore D Satterthwaite; Warren B Bilker; Kosha Ruparel; Rosetta Chiavacci; Daniel H Wolf; Frank Mentch; Haijun Qiu; John J Connolly; Patrick A Sleiman; Hakon Hakonarson; Ruben C Gur; Raquel E Gur Journal: World Psychiatry Date: 2014-10 Impact factor: 49.548
Authors: Brooke S G Molina; Stephen P Hinshaw; L Eugene Arnold; James M Swanson; William E Pelham; Lily Hechtman; Betsy Hoza; Jeffery N Epstein; Timothy Wigal; Howard B Abikoff; Laurence L Greenhill; Peter S Jensen; Karen C Wells; Benedetto Vitiello; Robert D Gibbons; Andrea Howard; Patricia R Houck; Kwan Hur; Bo Lu; Sue Marcus Journal: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry Date: 2013-02-08 Impact factor: 8.829
Authors: Theresa H M Moore; Stanley Zammit; Anne Lingford-Hughes; Thomas R E Barnes; Peter B Jones; Margaret Burke; Glyn Lewis Journal: Lancet Date: 2007-07-28 Impact factor: 79.321
Authors: Brooke S G Molina; Stephen P Hinshaw; James M Swanson; L Eugene Arnold; Benedetto Vitiello; Peter S Jensen; Jeffery N Epstein; Betsy Hoza; Lily Hechtman; Howard B Abikoff; Glen R Elliott; Laurence L Greenhill; Jeffrey H Newcorn; Karen C Wells; Timothy Wigal; Robert D Gibbons; Kwan Hur; Patricia R Houck Journal: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry Date: 2009-05 Impact factor: 8.829