The beetle fauna (Insecta, Coleoptera) of the Rawdhat Khorim National Park, Central Saudi Arabia.

This study was conducted as a part of a comprehensive baseline survey of insect biodiversity of Rawdhat Khorim National Park (RKNP), Central Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). During this study a total of 262 Coleoptera species belong to 182 genera in 35 families were identified, of which 247 are named at a species level. Fifteen species (6.0%) are apparently endemic to KSA. Thirty-eight species are new to the known beetle fauna of KSA, including 25 species reported from the Arabian Peninsula for the first time. The families Tenebrionidae (45 species), Scarabaeidae (34 species), and Carabidae (27 species) were the most species rich families. About 37% of the beetle abundance was represented by species of Scarabaeidae, especially Aphodius ictericus ghardimaouensis Balthasar. Karumia inaequalis Pic (Dascillidae) was also an abundant species. Approximately 43.5% of beetle species collected during this study are considered very rare taxa in RKNP. The RKNP beetle fauna shows more affinity to Sahro-Arabian (36.4%), Afrotropical-Sahro-Arabian (17.4%) and Palaearctic-Sahro-Arabian (10.5%). Twenty-three species (9.3%) are considered cosmopolitan or subcosmopolitan. The data on month of collection, method of collection, and abundance status within RKNP, together with the distribution within KSA and the general distribution (zoogeography) of each species are presented.

Introduction

Beetles () are considered the most taxonomically diverse insect group that comprises major components of ecosystems in terms of biomass, species richness and ecological roles (Stack 2015). About 400,000 species have been described (Hammond 1992), comprising about 25% of the Earth’s total animal diversity (Rosenzweig 1995; Hunt et al. 2007). Beetles play important roles in pollination, herbivory, granivory, predator-prey interactions, decomposition and nutrient cycling, and soil disturbances (Huffaker and Gutierrez 1999).

The foundation of our knowledge of the beetles of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) was presented by various authors in the series “Fauna of Saudi Arabia,” currently published as part of the “Fauna of Arabia” (Wittmer and Buttiker 1979- to date). Additionally, sixteen years ago, Al-Ahmadi and Salem (1999) listed 1,343 beetle species from KSA. Additional data on the beetles in KSA are available in the Catalogue of Palaearctic (Löbl and Smetana 2003–2007).

Rawdhats, naturally occurring moist basins, are one of the major components that considered as biological cores in the hyper-arid ecosystems of Central KSA (Tag El-Din et al. 1994; Al-Farraj et al. 1997; Alfarhan 2001; Al-Qarawi 2011). The flora and fauna of these unique habitats are under constant threat due to increased anthropogenic activities (Al-Nafie 2007; Al-Qarawi 2011). However, relatively little is known about their insect fauna (e.g., Al Dhafer and Platia 2013, Al Dhafer et al. 2016; Sharaf et al. 2013; Alqarni et al. 2015; Abdel-Dayem et al. 2015, 2016) that contribute to the faunal biodiversity of KSA.

Rawdhat Khorim National Park (RKNP) in Riyadh Province is important element in the conservation network of KSA and its landscape is characterized by relative diverse pristine native plant communities. (Tag El-Din et al. 1994; Al-Farraj et al. 1997; Alfarhan 2001; Al-Qarawi 2011). Recent studies of the insects occurring in RKNP have revealed several new taxa, : () (Al Dhafer and Platia 2013); () (Lackner 2014); () (Schawaller et al. 2013); and : () (Sharaf et al. 2013).

The objective of the current study was to provide a comprehensive list of the beetles from one of the more unique habitats in the world, specifically RKNP contributing to the knowledge of the beetle fauna of KSA and the Arabian Peninsula in general.

Materials and methods

Study area

The Rawdhat Khorim National Park is situated in the northeastern Riyadh Province of Central KSA (Fig. 1a). This is part of the Najd Plateau, a sedimentary rectangular plateau of Saudi Arabia. It covers an area of 24 km2 and located about 95 km northeast of the capital of Riyadh (, 560 m.a.s.l.). It is a densely vegetated alluvial basin (Vesey-Fizberald 1957) (Figure 1b) supporting a characteristic floral community in the hyper-arid desert of central Saudi Arabia (Al-Farraj et al. 1997; Alfarhan 2001). This area has low rainfall, but drainage from surrounding foothills of the adjacent highlands provides additional moisture forming temporary water pools and high plant diversity occurs during spring (Al-Farraj et al. 1997).

Figure 1.

a Map showing the provinces and geographic location of Rawdhat Khorim National Park within the Central Region of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia b Photo of Rawdhat Khorim National Park (Produced by ArcMap 10.4).

Climate

The climate of RKNP is characterized by a hot summer and a mild winter with an average relative humidity of 33%. The average annual temperature is 26°C, June to August is the hottest period of the year (35-37.4 °C) and December to February is the coldest (14.6-15.7 °C). The average annual precipitation is 122 mm, the highest amount of precipitation occurs during March and April (30 and 27 mm, respectively), while no rainfall occurs during June to September (Sharaf et al. 2013).

Flora

The flora of RKNP includes a total of 153 plant species belonging to 32 families (Alfarhan 2001). The vegetation is complex consisting of perennial and annual herbs, shrubs and trees (Al-Farraj et al. 1997). (Loefl.) Sch.-Bip. ()), Hausskn. & Bornm., Desf. (), and Retz. () are the dominant annual herbs (Al-Farraj et al. 1997; Alfarhan 2001). Heyne, Benth. (), (Aiton) W.T. Aiton (), Roem. & Schult. (), Decne. () and (Burm. f) Wight & Arn. () are the dominated shrub and trees (Al-Farraj et al. 1997). Plant growth is higher during spring than in other seasons (Al-Farraj et al. 1997).

Beetle collection

The species listed here are based on the survey that was conducted biweekly from October, 2011 to September, 2013 in the RKNP. The material was collected using a variety PageBreakPageBreakof collecting methods including , , , , , , and . All collected beetles were sorted, identified and deposited in the , College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, KSA.

pitfall trapping

UV-light trapping

Malaise trapping

net sweeping

beating vegetation

vacuuming

hand-picking

King Saud University Museum of Arthropods

Species format and arrangement

Species identification is based on specialists “see Acknowledgments” and numerous publications not included here. Beetles were not being identified to the species level were included in the study if specimens were morphologically different from other (congeneric) species. The identified species are arranged systematically to subfamily level and alphabetically thereafter. The classification and nomenclature of subfamilies and higher levels follows Bouchard et al. (2011). The valid name followed by the author and date of publication for species were given and these were not cited in the reference section and they can be found in the Catalogue of Palaearctic (Löbl and Smetana 2003–2007). The world distribution for each species is indicated as two capital letters for each country (according ISO 3166: http://www.iso.org/iso/country_codes). The world distribution is based mainly on Catalogue of Palaearctic (Löbl and Smetana 2003–2007), Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF: http://www.gbif.org), and Beetles and Rock Art in Libya (http://jcringenbach.free.fr). The general distribution (zoogeography) of each species is also indicated as a letter code (see “Abbreviations”) corresponding to main zoogeographic regions of the world proposed by Holt et al. (2013) (Fig. 2). The KSA distribution of each species is indicated (abbreviated as two letters for the Saudi provinces) (Fig. 1a). The KSA distributional records are based mainly on published records in the series “Fauna of Saudi Arabia”, being published as part of the “Fauna of Arabia (Wittmer and Buttiker 1979-to date) and other available papers on Saudi beetles. The absence of a geographic entry after a species name indicates that the species was recorded from Arabia or KSA but no locality was specified. For each species the following information is given: local abundance (all values of collected specimens were log transformed and then they classified into five categories using equal interval classification: very rare: <5 individuals, rare: 5-17, frequent: 18-70, common: 71-300, and abundant: > 300); collecting method (see abbreviation in “Beetle collection” above); and months of collection (Roman numerals) within RKNP.

Figure 2.

The general distributions frequency of the beetle fauna of Rawdhat Khorim National Park, Central Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Abbreviations for the zoogeographical regions

AFR

Afrotropical

AUS

Australian

COS

Cosmopolitan

MAD

Madagascan

NAR

Nearctic

NTR

Neotropical

OCN

Oceanic

ORR

Oriental

PAL

Palaearctic

SAR

Saharo_Arabian

SCO

Subcosmopolitan

SJP

Sino_Japanese

Results and discussion

This study represents the first inventory of beetles in RKNP, within arid region of central KSA. In total, 15,658 specimens were collected and identified to 262 species belonging to 182 genera included in 83 subfamilies and 35 families. Forty percent of known faunal diversity is accounted for by three beetle families, (45 spp.), (34 spp.) and (27 spp.) (Table 1). The families with the greatest abundant were (36.6%) followed by (16.7%) PageBreak(Table 1). Thirty-eight species have not been previously reported from KSA are listed, including 25 new records for the Arabian Peninsula. Ten families were represented by single species in the RKNP.

Table 1.

The taxonomical and faunistic analysis of the beetle fauna in Rawdhat Khorim National Park, Central Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Family	Subfamily	Genera	Species	New record	Relative abundance
Anthicidae	2	5	7	1	0.27
Bolboceratidae	1	1	1	0	0.01
Bostrichidae	2	3	3	1	1.30
Brentidae	2	2	2	0	1.10
Buprestidae	5	7	10	0	1.30
Carabidae	8	22	27	8	5.36
Cerambycidae	2	2	2	0	0.11
Chrysomelidae	5	8	8	1	3.95
Cleridae	2	4	4	0	0.51
Coccinellidae	1	8	15	0	3.44
Cryptophagidae	2	2	2	1	0.14
Curculionidae	4	15	20	0	1.99
Dascillidae	1	1	1	0	8.02
Dermestidae	4	6	15	5	1.58
Dytiscidae	2	3	3	0	0.56
Elateridae	2	8	13	2	9.30
Glaresidae	0	1	2	0	0.02
Heteroceridae	1	1	2	2	0.08
Histeridae	3	8	14	0	0.54
Hybosoridae	1	1	1	0	3.48
Hydrophilidae	1	1	1	1	0.04
Laemophloeidae	1	1	1	1	0.01
Leiodidae	1	1	1	1	0.01
Meloidae	2	2	4	0	0.17
Melyridae	2	3	4	1	1.23
Mycetophagidae	1	1	1	0	0.02
Nitidulidae	3	3	3	0	0.70
Oedemeridae	1	1	1	0	0.03
Phalacridae	1	1	1	0	0.17
Ptinidae	2	2	3	2	0.06
Scarabaeidae	7	18	34	3	36.62
Scraptiidae	1	1	2	0	0.47
Staphylinidae	5	7	8	4	0.66
Tenebrionidae	4	31	45	4	16.71
Thanerocleridae	1	1	1	0	0.03
Total 35	83	182	262	38

Eleven species (4.2%) are classified as abundant species, from which () (1,238 specimens) and PageBreak() (1,262 specimens) were the highest abundant species. Thirty-six (13.7%) and 46 (17.6%) species are concidered as common and frequent, respectively. While, 64.5% of the species considered as rare (55 spp.) or very rare (114 spp.).

The RKNP beetle fauna demonstrated variable zoogeographical affinities (Figure 2), 15 species (6.1%) are endemic to KSA. The remainder of the species showed high affinities to SAR (36.4%), AFR_SAR (17.4%), and PAL_SAR (10.5%).

This work has confirmed the occurrence of four species in KSA previously reported as occurring in “Arabia”: () (Paulian, 1980); () (Penati & Vienna, 2006); () (Kerremans 1913); and () (Schatzmayr 1936). The holotypes of three species originated from RKNP: Schawaller, Al Dhafer & Fadl, 2013; Al Dhafer & Platia, 2013 and Lackner, 2014.

In particular, and , described from KSA by Kaszab (1981), but the characters for the differentiation of the two subspecies and the nominate Reitter that proposed by Kaszab (1981) are not useful for separation, and accordingly, this taxon is treated here as .

It is expected that the results of this study of the beetle fauna of RKNP will be used for future studies related to long-term monitoring of the beetle fauna for evaluating impacts of increased use by the growing population of nearby Riyadh and impact of climate change (Bale et al. 2002).

List of species

Suborder:

Subfamily:

(Fabricius, 1798)

World distribution.

Africa: AO, BF, BJ, BW, CD, CF, CG, CI, CM, CV, ER, ET, GH, GM, GN, GQ, GW, KE, MG, MS, MW, MZ, NA, NG, SD, SL, SN, SO, TD, TO, TZ, ZA, ZM, ZW. Asia: AE, AF, AZ, BH, CN, CY, EG (Sinai), IL, IN, IQ, IR, JO, KG, KW, KZ, LB, NP, OM, PK, QA, SA, SY, TJ, TM, TR, UZ, YE. Europe: AL, AM, ES, FR, GE, GR, IT, MT, NO (Svalbard), PT. North Africa: DZ, EG, ES (Canary Island), LY, MA, TN.

General distribution.

AFR_MAD_ORR_PAL_SAR_SJP.

Local distribution.

AS, NJ (Britton 1948; Cassola and Schneider 1997)

Collecting month and method.

A very rare species. The adults were collected by LT during V-VI.

Klug, 1832

Africa: DJ, SD, TD (Britton 1948). Asia: AE, QA, SA, YE. North Africa: EG. Widespread all over Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and south Asia (Felix 2009).

AFR_ORR_SAR.

AS, MK (Britton 1948), BA (El-Hawagry et al. 2013), EP, JZ, RI (Heinertz 1979).

A very rare species collected only by LT through III-IV.

Dejean, 1831

Asia: AE (Felix 2009), AZ, IQ, IR, JO, PK, SA, SY, TM, UZ. Europe: MT, PT (Azores). North Africa: DZ, EG, ES (Canary Island), LY, MA, TN.

PAL_SAR.

MK (Britton 1948), RI (Heinertz 1979).

Very rare species. The beetles were collected by HP, and by PT under canopy of in II.

(Bonelli, 1813)

Asia: AZ, IQ, IR, JO, KZ, PK, SA, SY, TJ, TM, UZ, YE. Europe: ES, FR, GE, GR, IT, MT, PT. North Africa: EG, MA, TU.

PAL_SAR.

RI (Balkenohl 1994).

A frequent species that was collected HP, LT and PT during II, IV-VI, VIII, X, and XII.

Znojko, 1927

Asia: AE (Felix 2009), AF, EG (Sinai), IL, IQ, IR, KZ, MN, PK, SY, TJ, TM. North Africa: DZ, EG, MA, TU. New to KSA.

PAL_SAR.

Very rare species that was collected by LT during IV.

Fischer von Waldheim, 1828

Asia: AF, IQ, IR, KG, KW, KZ, PK, SA, SY, TM, TR, UZ. Europe: ES, GE, GR, IT, PT, RU. North Africa: DZ, EG, LY, MA, TN.

PAL_SAR.

EP, QS, RI (Balkenohl 1994), MK (Beccari 1971).

Very rare species. The adults were collected by HP and PT during V.

Dejean, 1826

Asia: AF, CY, EG (Sinai), IL, IN, IQ, IR, JO, KZ, LB, PK, SA, SY, TJ, TM, TR, UZ, YE. Europe: AL, AM, AZ, BG, ES, GE, GR, HR, IT, MK, PT, RU.

ORR_PAL_SAR.

MK (Britton 1948), RI (Al Dhafer et al. 2016).

A rare species. The beetles were collected by HP, LT and PT through IV-V, VII and XII.

(Bates, 1874)

Africa: SD. Asia: Af, IQ, IR, KZ, SA, TM, TR. E: RU.

AFR_PAL_SAR.

MK (Britton 1948; Ball and Shpeley 2005), RI (Al Dhafer et al. 2016).

Frequent species that was collected by HP and LT during II-V and XII. HP.

(Chaudoir, 1864)

Africa: MR, NE, SD, SO, TD. Asia: AE (Felix 2009), AF, AZ, CY, IQ, IR, JO, KW, KZ, PK, SA, SY, TM, TR, UZ, YE. Europe: AM, GE, RU. North Africa: DZ, EG, MA, TN.

AFR_PAL_SAR.

EP, RI (Basilewsky 1979), MK (Britton 1948).

Frequent species. It was collected by LT and PT during II-V and XII.

(Basilewsky, 1979)

Asia: SA.

END.

RI (Basilewsky 1979).

Common species. Its specimens were collected by HP, LT and PT through I-V and XII.

(Jacquelin du Val, 1852)

Africa: CD, CF, CM, ET, GQ, NG, ZA. Asia: CY, IL, IR, LB, SY, TR. Europe: ES, IT, PT. North Africa: DZ, EG, MA, TN. New to Arabian Peninsula.

AFR_MAD_PAL_SAR.

A rare species. The beetles were collected by LT through IV-V and VII.

(Linné, 1758)

Asia: AZ, CY, IQ, IR, KG, KZ, SY, TJ, TM, TR, UZ. Europe: AL, AM, AT, BA, BE, BG, BY, CH, CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GE, GR, HR, HU, IE, IT, LT, LU, LV, MD, NL, NO, PL, PT, RO, RS, RU, SE, SI, SK, UA. New to Arabian Peninsula.

PAL_SAR.

Rare species. It was collected by HP during IV and XII; and by LT during V.

Dejean, 1831

Asia: IL, IQ, IR, SA, SY, TR, YE. North Africa: DZ, MA, TN.

SAR.

MK (Britton 1948), RI (Basilewsky 1979).

Rare species. The adults were collected by HP under debris and stones around temporary fresh water pool during XII.

(Panzer, 1796)

Asia: AZ, CN, KG, KZ, MN, RU, TJ, TM, TR, UZ. Europe: AL, AM, AT, BA, BE, BG, BY, CH, CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, FI, FO, FR, GB, GE, GR, HR, HU, IE, IT, LI, LT, LV, MD, MK, NL, NO, PL, RO, RS, RU, SK, SE, SI, UA. North Africa: ES (Canary Island). New to Arabian Peninsula.

PAL_SAR_SJP.

A frequent species that was collected HP and PT through I-IV and XII.

Bedel, 1907

Asia: AE (Felix 2009), AF, IQ, IR, JO, PK, SA, SY. North Africa: DZ, MA, TN.

SAR.

RI (Hieke 1993).

Very rare species. The adult was very rare and collected by Lt in XI.

Bonelli, 1813

Asia: AE (Felix 2009), IQ, IR, JO, KW, OM, QA, SA, YE. North Africa: EG.

SAR.

AS, JZ, MK, RI (Britton 1948; Beccari 1971; Heinertz 1979).

Very rare species. The adult beetles were collected by HP and LT at sandy area during IV.

(Bedel, 1907)

Asia: AE (Felix 2009), IR, SA. North Africa: MA, TN.

SAR.

MD (Mateu 1986).

Very rare species that was collected by HP under stones in IV.

Menetries, 1832

Asia: AF, AZ, IQ, IR, KG, KZ, TJ, TM, TR, UZ. Europe: AL, AM, BA, BG, GE, GR, HR, HU, MD, MK, RO, RS, RU, UA. New to Arabian Peninsula.

PAL_SAR.

Very rare species that was collected by HP under plant debris during XII.

(Schrank, 1781)

Asia: AZ, CN, CY, IL, IR, KG, KP, KZ, MN, TR. Australia: AU, NZ. Europe: AD, AL, AM, AT, BA, BE, BG, BY, CH, CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GE, GR, HR, HU, IE, IT, LI, LT, LU, LV, MD, MK, NL, NO, PL, PT, RO, RS, RU, SE, SI, SK, UA. North America: CA, US. New to Arabian Peninsula.

SCO.

A rare species. The specimens were collected by HP under stones and plant debris during II, IV and XII.

(Mateu, 1986)

Asia: SA.

END.

MD (Mateu 1986).

Very rare species. It was collected by LT in IV and VI.

(Fairmaire, 1892)

Africa: ER, KE, MR, NE, SD, SO, TD. Asia: AE, AF, IL, IN, IR, SA, TR, YE.

AFR_ORR_SAR.

MK (Britton 1948; Mateu 1979).

Very rare species that was collected by LT through V.

(Dejean, 1831)

Asia: AF, CN, IN, SY. North Africa: EG. New to Arabian Peninsula.

ORR_PAL_SAR_SJP.

Frequent species. The adults were collected by HP, LT and PT during I-V, IX and XII.

(Dejean, 1826)

Africa: CV. Asia: AE (Felix 2009), AZ, CY, IL, IQ, KG, KZ, SA, SY, TM, TR, UZ, YE (Socotra). Europe: AM, ES, FR GR, IT, PT. North Africa: DZ, EG, ES (Canary Islands), LY, MA, TN.

AFR_PAL_SAR.

AS, EP, RI (Mateu 1986).

Very rare species that was collected by LT in III.

(Wollaston, 1854)

Asia: IQ, KW, SA, YE. North Africa: DZ, EG, ES (Canary Islands), LY, MA, PT (Madeira Archipelago), TN.

SAR.

It was recorded from Arabia without exact locality by Emden (1954) and a recent occurrence in KSA has been confirmed by Al Dhafer et al. (2016).

Frequent species, which was collected by HP, LT and PT during I-II, IV-VI and XI-XII.

Dejean, 1829

Asia: AE (Felix 2009), AF, AZ, CY, IL, IQ, IR, JO, KW, KZ, SA, SY, TJ, TM, TR, UZ. Europe: AL, AM, BA, BG, ES, FR, GE, GR, HR, IT, MK, PT, RS, UA. North Africa: DZ, EG, ES (Canary Islands), MA, PT (Madeira Archipelago), TN.

PAL_SAR.

EP, RI (Basilewsky 1979).

Frequent species. The beetles were collected by LT in IV-V, VII and IX.

Felix & Muilwijk, 2009

Asia: AE (Felix 2009). New to KSA.

SAR.

Very rare species that was collected by LT during IV.

(Motschulsky, 1855)

Asia: AE (Felix 2009), IL, IQ, IR, SA, SY. North Africa: DZ, EG, ES (Canary Islands), LY, MA, TN.

Schatzmar (1936) mentioned Arabia among the distribution of this species in his work on of Egypt, without given any further detailed about the locality.

SAR.

Common species that was collected by HP, LT and PT in I-XII.

(Linné, 1767)

Africa: BW, KE, MG, NA, SD, ZA, ZW. Asia: AE, AZ, BT, CN, CY, EG (Sinai), IN, IQ, IR, JA, á, KW, NP, OM, PK, SA, SY, TM, TR, TW, YE. Europe: AM, BA, BG, ES, FR, GE, GR, HR, HU, IT, PT, RU, SI, UA, RS. North Africa: DZ, EG, ES (Canary Islands), LY, MA, PT (Madeira Archipelago), TN. North America: MX, PR, US. South America: EC, PE, VE.

COS.

AS, EP, MD, RI (Brancucci 1979 1984).

A frequent species. The adult beetles were collected by LT in IV-VI.

(Klug, 1834)

Africa: ET, KE, SD, SN. Asia: AE (Hájek and Brancucci 2011), AZ, CY, EG (Sinai), IL, IQ, IR, JO, KW, KZ, PK, SA, SY, TJ, TM, TR, UZ, YE. Europe: AM, BA, ES, GE, GR, HR, IT, RS, RU. North Africa: DZ, EG, LY, MA, TN.

AFR_PAL_SAR.

EP, RI (Brancucci 1979 1984).

Very rare species that was collected by LT during V.

(Sharp, 1882)

Asia: AE, IQ, IR, KW, SA, SY, TM, UZ. North Africa: EG. The distribution is updated from Hájek and Brancucci (2011).

SAR.

EP (Brancucci 1984).

Frequent species that was collected by LT in VI.

(Boheman, 1851)

Asia: OM, YE. New to KSA.

SAR.

A rare species, which was collected by HP during V and XII.

Fairmaire, 1877

Africa: MR, NE, SN. Asia: AE (Kanaar 2007), OM, SA, SY. North Africa: DZ, EG, TN.

AFR_SAR.

EP (Mazur 1994; Penati and Vienna 2006).

Very rare species that was collected by BV on branches of during V.

Subfamily: Sapriniae

A rare species. The specimens were collected by PT under canopy of , and during IV-V and X.

Frequent species. The beetles were collected by PT under canopies of , , , , and ; and by LT through V- XI.

Lackner, 2014

Asia: SA (Lackner 2014).

END.

RI (Lackner 2014).

A rare species. The beetles were collected by HP and LT during I-II and XII.

(Illiger, 1807)

Africa: AO, BF, ET, GM, KE, ML, MR, NA, SD, SN, SO, TZ. Asia: AE, AF, CY, ID, IL, IN, IQ, IR, JO, KW, KZ, MM, MN, OM, PK, SA, TR, YE. Australia: AU. Europe: ES, FR, GR, IT, MT, PT, RU. North Africa: DZ, EG, ES (Canary Islands), LY, MA, PT (Madeira Archipelago), TN. South America: AR.

SCO (Penati and Vienna 2006).

AS, BA, JZ, MK, NJ, RI (Kryzhanovskij 1979; Mazur 1994; Penati and Vienna 2006).

Very rare species. The adults were collected by PT under canopies of , and during IV and VII.

G. Müller, 1933

Africa: MR. Asia: AE (Kanaar 2007), OM, SA. North Africa: DZ, EG, LY, TN.

AFR_SAR.

AS, EP, HA, NB, NJ, RI (Mazur 1994; Penati and Vienna 2006).

Very rare species that was collected by LT in X.

Marseul, 1855

Asia: IL, JO, SA, SY. North Africa: DZ, EG, ES (Canary Islands), LY, MA, TN.

SAR.

Just recorded from Arabia (Penati and Vienna 2006).

Very rare species that was collected by HP during II.

Marseul, 1862

Asia: IR, KW, SA, SY, TR. Europe: GR. North Africa: DZ, EG, ES (Canary Islands), LY, MA, TN.

PAL_SAR.

HA (Mazur 1994; Penati and Vienna 2006).

Very rare species. The beetles were collected by BT and LT during V, VII and X.

Mazur, 1997

Asia: AE (Kanaar 2007), AF, PK, SA.

SAR.

EP, MK, RI (Penati and Vienna 2006).

Very rare species that was collected by LT during I-II.

A rare species. The adults were collected by LT during V-VI and X.

(Jacquelin Duval, 1853)

Africa: CV, MR, NG, TD. Asia: AE (Kanaar 2007), CY, IL, OM, SA, SY, TR.

Europe: ES, FR, GR, IT, PT. North Africa: DZ, EG, ES (Canary Islands), LY, MA, TN.

AFR_PAL_SAR.

EP, MK (Mazur 1994; Penati and Vienna 2006), RI (Al Dhafer et al. 2016).

Very rare species that was recorded by PT under canopy of during IV.

(Thérond & Hollande, 1965)

Asia: AE (Kanaar 2007), OM, SA. North Africa: DZ.

SAR.

EP, RI (Penati and Vienna 2006).

Very rare species, which was collected by LT in V.

A rare species. The adults were collected by PT under canopies of , , and during III-IV.

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Africa: BF, CF, CM, DJ, KE, MR, SN, TD. Asia: AE (Kanaar 2007), AF, CN, CY, IL, IN, IQ, IR, JO, JP, KG, KP, KR, KZ, MM, OM, RU, SA, SY, TJ, TM, UZ, YE. Europe: AL, AM, AT, BA, BE, BG, BY, CH, CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GE, GR, HR, HU, IE, IT, LI, LV, NL, NO, PL, PT, RO, RS, RU, SE, SI, SK, UA. North Africa: DZ, ES (Canary Islands), LY, MA, TN. North America: CA, US. South America: AR, BR, CL.

SCO (Penati and Vienna 2006).

AS (Kryzhanovskij 1979), RI (Al Dhafer et al. 2016).

Very rare species that was collected by PT under canopy of during IV.

(Fairmaire, 1876)

Asia: AE (Švec 2010a). North Africa: DZ, ES (Canary Islands), MA, TN (Švec 2010). New to KSA.

SAR.

Very rare species. The specimens were collected by LT in XII.

(Raffray, 1877)

Africa: ET. Asia: AE (Besuchet and Cuccodoro 2011), EG (Sinai), IL, IR, JO, SA, TR, YE. North Africa: DZ, EG, TN.

AFR_SAR.

AS, BA, EP, MD, RI (Besuchet 1981).

Very rare species that was collected by LT in IV-V and VII.

Besuchet & Cuccodoro, 2011

Asia: AE (Besuchet and Cuccodoro 2011). New to KSA.

SAR.

Very rare species, which was collected by LT during VII.

Very rare species. It was collected by PT under canopy of in III.

(Gyllenhal, 1810)

Africa: MR, ZA. Asia: AZ, CN, CY, IN, IR, JP, KP, KZ, NP, PK, RU, TR. Europe: AL, AT, BE, BG, CH, CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, FI, FO, FR, GB, GE, GR, HU, IE, IS, IT, LT, LU, NL, NO, PL, PT, RU, SE, SK. North Africa: DZ, EG, ES (Canary Islands), MA, PT (Madeira Archipelago), TN. New to Arabian Peninsula.

AFR_PAL_ORR_SAR_SJP.

Rare species. The specimens of this species were collected by PT under canopies of , , , , and in I-II and X-XI; and by SW on branches of through VII.

Erichson, 1840

Africa: AO, ET, SN, ZA. Asia: CN, IL, IN, JP, KP, KR, LB, LK, SA (Beccari 1971), SY. North Africa: DZ, EG, MA, TN.

AFR_ORR_PAL_SAR_SJP.

RI (Beccari 1971).

Very rare species that was collected by LT during X.

(Gravenhorst, 1802)

Asia: CY, IR, KZ, RU, TR. Australia: AU. Europe: AL, AM, AT, BA, BE, BG, CH, CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GE, GR, HR, HU, IE, IS, IT, LT, LV, NL, NO, PL, PT, RO, RU, SE, SI, SK, UA. North Africa: DZ, EG, ES (Canary Islands), PT (Madeira Archipelago). North America: US. New to Arabian Peninsula.

SCO.

Very rare species, which was collected by LT through XII.

Very rare species that was collected by LT in VII.

Very rare species that was collected by LT through VI.

(Paulian, 1980)

World distribution.

Asia: OM, SA.

General distribution.

SAR.

Local distribution.

EP, RI (Paulian 1980).

Collecting month and method.

Very rare species that was collected by LT during V.

Very rare species that was collected by LT in IV.

(Wlaker, 1871)

Asia: Arabia

SAR.

Paulian (1980) recorded this species from Arabia without exact locality.

Very rare species that was collected by LT in IV.

Reiche, 1853

Africa: KM, MG, UG. Asia: AF, AZ, CN, CY, EG (Sinai), IL, IN, IQ, IR, JO, PK, SA, SY, TJ, TM, TR, UZ, YE, VN. Europe: AM, BG, ES, FR, GE, GR, HR, IT, MK, PT, RO, RS, RU, UA. North Africa: DZ, EG, LY, MA, TN. North America: CU, HT, MX, NI, US. South America: VE.

SCO.

EP, MD, MK, NJ, RI (Beccari 1971, Kuijten 1980).

An abundant species. The adult beetles were collected by HP, LT and PT through II, IV-VIII.

Subfamily

Král, 2015

Asia: AE (Král and Batelka 2015). New to KSA.

SAR.

Very rare species that collected by LT during V.

Mulsant, 1851

Africa: NE, SD. Asia: AE, AF, IL, IN, IQ, IR, KZ, PK, SA, TJ, TM, TR, UZ. Europe: AM, GE. North Africa: DZ, EG, ES (Canary Islands), LY, MA, TN.

AFR_ORR_PAL_SAR.

EP, HA, MD, MK, QS, RI (Pittino 1984).

A frequent species. The adults of this species were collected by PT under canopy of , and by HP and LT during I-II, IV-VII and IX.

Klug, 1855

Africa: CD, CM, DJ (Pittino 1984), GW, KE, MZ, NA, SD (Balthasar 1972), SN, TD, TZ. Asia: SA, YE.

AFR_SAR.

The species was reported from Arabia without exact locality (Pittino 1984) and recently its occurrence in KSA: RI has been confirmed by Abdel-Dayem et al. (2016).

Very rare species that was collected by LT during IV.

Harold, 1875

Asia: EG (Sinai), IL, IR, KW, SA, YE. North Africa: EG

SAR.

EP, JZ, MD, MK, RI (Pittino 1984).

Common species that was collected by LT through V-VII and IX-X.

Petrovitz, 1962

Asia: IQ, IR, SA.

SAR.

EP, RI (Pittino 1984).

A rare species, which was collected by LT in I and XII.

Clouët, 1896

Asia: IL, IQ, IR, JO, SA. North Africa: DZ, EG, LY, MA, TN.

SAR.

MD, QS, RI (Pittino 1984).

Rare species. The specimens were collected by BV on branches of , and by HP and LT during IV-V and XI.

Balthasar, 1929

Asia: CY, IL, IR, JO, LB, SA, SY, TR. Europe: ES, FR, GR, HR, IT, MT, PT. North Africa: DZ, EG, ES (Canary Islands), LY, MA, TN.

PAL_SAR.

EP (Pittino 1984).

Abundant species that was collected by LT during I, III and IX.

(Olivier, 1789)

Africa: MG, NA. Asia: CN, CY, EG (Sinai), IL, IR, KG, KW, KZ, LB, MN, NP, OM, SA, SY, TJ, TM, TR, TW, UZ. Australia: AU, NZ, PG. Europe: AL, AM, AT, BA, BE, BY, CH, CZ, DE, EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GE, GR, HR, HU, IT, LT, LV, MK, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, RS, RU, SE, SI, SK, UA. North Africa: DZ, EG, ES (Canary Islands), LY, MA, PT (Madeira Archipelago), TN. North America: CU, GT, MX, NI, PA, US.

SOC.

AS, BA, EP, JZ, MD, MK, QS, RI (Beccari 1971, Pittino 1984; El-Hawagry et al. 2013).

Common species. The beetles were collected by LT through IV-VII and IX-XII.

(Fabricus, 1775)

Asia: CN, CY, IL, IR, KG, KZ, RU, SA, SY, TJ, TM, TR. Europe: AL, AM, AT, BA, BE, BG, BY, CH, DE, DK, EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GE, GR, HR, HU, IE, IT, LT, LV, MK, NL, NO, PL, PT, RO, RS, RU, SE, SI, SK, TR, UA. North Africa: MA, TN.

PAL_SAR_SJP.

RI (Abdel-Dayem et al. 2016).

Very rare species that was collected by LT in I and X.

Reitter, 1892

Africa: MR. Asia: AF, IL, IQ, IR, KG, KW, KZ, LB, OM, PK, SA, TJ, TM, TR, UZ. Europe: RU. North Africa: DZ, EG, LY, MA, TN.

AFR_PAL_SAR.

BA, EP, HA, JZ, MD, MK, QS, RI (Pittino 1984).

An abundant species. The adults were collected by PT by PT under canopies of and ; and by LT through II-VI and IX-X.

(Wollaston, 1867)

Asia: IL, IQ, JO, SA. North Africa: DZ, EG, LY, MA, TN.

SAR.

EP, HA, QS, RI (Pittino 1984) [under the name D. Koshantschikov 1894] (Král and Batelka 2015).

Common species. The specimens of this species were collected by PT under canopies of , , , and ; and by LT through IV-V and IX-X.

Petrovitz, 1961

Asia: AF, IN, IQ, IR, OM, PK, RU, SA, TM. North Africa: EG (Pittino 1984).

ORR_SAR.

EP, MD, MK, RI (Pittino 1984).

Common species that was collected by LT in IV-V and IX-XI.

Balthasar, 1946

Asia: EG (Sinai), IN, IQ, IR, JO, OM, PK, SA, SY, YE.

ORR_SAR.

EP, HA, MD, QS, RI (Pittino 1984).

Abundant species. It was collected by PT under canopies of and ; and by HP and LT through I-V and XI-XII.

(Fairmeire, 1892)

Africa: ET, SD, SO. Asia: SA, YE. North Africa: DZ, EG, LY, MA.

AFR_SAR.

AS, BA, EP, MD, MK, RI (Paulian 1980; Pittino 1984; El-Hawagry et al. 2013).

Common species, which was collected by PT under canopy of ; and by LT through IV-VIII.

(Klug, 1845)

Africa: CG, DJ, ER, ET, SD, SO. Asia: IL, SA, SY, YE. North Africa: DZ, EG, LY, MA, TN.

AFR_SAR.

BA, HA, JZ, MD, MK, RI (Pittino 1984; El-Hawagry et al. 2013).

A rare species that was collected by PT under canopy of and ; and by LT through IV-VI, IX and XII.

(Mayet, 1887)

Africa: SO. Asia: AF, EG (Sinai), IR, SA. North Africa: DZ, EG, LY, MA, TN.

AFR_SAR.

AS, BA, HA, MD, MK, RI (Pittino 1984).

Very rare species. The beetles were collected by LT in IV.

(Pittino & Mariani, 1986)

Asia: AZ, IR, JO, SA, TM. Europe: RU.

PAL_SAR.

EP, QA, RI (Pittino 1984) [under the name Petrovitz 1961] (Král and Batelka 2015).

A common species. The adult beetles were collected by PT under canopies of , , and ; and by HP and LT through III-V and XII.

Rare species that was collected by LT during IV.

Pinttino, 1984

Asia: SA.

END.

BA, JZ, MD, MK, QS, RI (Pittino 1984; El-Hawagry et al. 2013).

Very rare species that was collected by LT during IV.

(Klug & Erichson, 1842)

Africa: CM, CV, ET, KE, ML, MR, NE, NG, SD, SN, SO, TD, TZ. Asia: SA, YE. North Africa: EG.

AFR_SAR.

AS, BA, EP, JZ, MD, MK, QS, RI (Beccari 1971, Pittino 1984; El-Hawagry et al. 2013).

A rare species. The beetles were collected by LT through IV-V, VII and X.

Pittino, 1984

Asia: SA.

END.

AS, BA, JZ, MK, RI (Pittino 1984; El-Hawagry et al. 2013; Abdel-Dayem et al. 2016).

Common species. The adult beetles were collected by PT under canopies of , , and ; and by HP and LT through III-V and VII-XI.

(Laporte, 1840)

Africa: ER, ET, GM, KE, MR, SD, SN, SO, TD. Asia: IN, IQ, IR, PK, SA. North Africa: EG.

AFR_ORR_SAR.

AS, EP, RI (Paulian 1980).

Rare species, which was collected during V.

A. Janssens, I940

Africa: MR, TD. Asia: IQ, IR, PK, SA. North Africa: DZ, LY, MA, TN.

AFR_SAR.

RI (Ziani and Gudenzi 2012)

Common species. The specimens were collected by PT under canopies of , , L and ; and by HP, LT, SW during III-VIII.

Fabricius, 1775

Africa: ER, GN, MR, NE, SD, SN, TD. Asia: AE, AF, IL, IQ, IR, PK, SA. North Africa: EG, LY.

AFR_SAR.

AS, EP, MK, RI (Paulian 1980).

Very rare species. The specimens were collected by HP and LT during V and VIII.

(Fairmaire, 1897)

Africa: ET, NE, SN. Asia: SA (Paulian 1980). North Africa: MA.

AFR_SAR.

RI (Paulian 1980).

A common species. The adult beetles were collected by HP and LT in IV.

(Brenske, 1894)

Asia: AE, AF, IL, IN, IQ, IR, JO, KW, NP, OM, PK, SA. North Africa: LY.

ORR_SAR.

EP, RI (Ahrens 2000).

Very rare species that was collected by LT during V, VII and XI.

Sabatinelli & Pontuale, 1998

Asia: OM, SA.

SAR.

EP, HA, RI (Sabatinelli and Pontuale 1998).

A rare species that was collected by LT during IV-V.

Brenske, 1898

Africa: SD, SO. Asia: SA, YE. North Africa: EG.

AFR_SAR.

AS, BA, EP, JZ, MD, MK, RI (Sabatinelli and Pontuale 1998).

Rare species, which was collected by LT in IV and X-XI.

(Frey, 1960)

Africa: ET, SO. Asia: OM, SA, YE.

AFR_SAR.

AS, BA, HA, JZ, MK, RI (Ahrens 2000).

A common species. The specimens were collected by PT under canopies of , and ; and by LT during I, IV-V and X-XII.

Král, 2015

Asia: AE (Král and Batelka 2015). New to KSA.

SAR.

RI (Beccari 1971).

A rare species that was recorded by LT in V-VII and IX.

Moderately common species that was collected by LT during V.

(C. É. Blanchard, 1851)

Asia: IQ, IR. New to Arabian Peninsula.

SAR.

Abundant species. The specimens were collected by PT under canopies of , , and ; and by HP and LT through I-V.

Baudi, 1870

Africa: ER. Asia: CY, IL, IQ, IR, JO, KW, OM, QA, SA, SY, YE. Europe: AM, GR.

AFR_PAL_SAR.

EP, MK, RI (Endrödi 1980).

Common species. The adults were collected by PT under canopies of and ; and by HP and LT through IV-V and VIII-IX.

Fairmaire, 1895

Asia: AE, EG (Sinai), IL, KW, OM, SA, YE. North Africa: EG.

SAR.

EP, MK, RI (Endrödi 1980).

A common species that was collected by HP and LT through IV-XI.

Pic, 1929

Asia: SA.

END.

EP, RI (Wittmer 1979).

Abundant species that was collected by PT under canopies of , and by LT during IV-IX.

Laporte & Gory, 1835

Asia: AF, EG (Sinai), IQ, IR, JO, OM, SA.

SAR.

EP, QS, RI (Bílý 1982 1985).

It is a rare and was collected by BV, HP and VC during I and IV-VI.

Cobos, 1963

Asia: IL, IR, OM, SA.

SAR.

RI (Cobos 1963).

Very rare species, which was collected by BV on branches of during VI.

(Bílý, 1979)

Asia: IL, IQ, SA. North Africa: EG.

SAR.

EP, RI (Bílý 1982 1985).

A rare species. The specimens were collected by BV on branches of , HP and by SW of during V, VII and VIII.

Kerremans, 1913

Asia: Arabia (Kerremans 1913)

END.

This species is described by Kerremans (1913) from Arabia, without any further information about the type locality.

Very rare species that was collected only by BV on branches of during X.

Gory & Laporte, 1839

Asia: IL, IQ, IR, JO, SA, SY, TR.

PAL_SAR.

EP, QS (Bílý 1980).

Very rare species that was collected by HP during V.

Obenberger, 1920

Asia: EG (Sinai), IL, JO, OM, SA.

SAR.

AS, MK, RI (Bílý 1980), BA (El-Hawagry et al. 2013).

Common species. The adults were collected by BV and VC on branches of and , and by HP, LT and PT during IV-XI.

Bílý, 1999

Asia: IL, SA.

SAR.

RI (Bílý 1979).

Very rare species that was collected by BV on branches of during IV.

(Klug, 1829)

Africa: MR, SO, TD. Asia: IL, IR, JO, SA, YE. North Africa: DZ, EG, LY, MA, TN.

AFR_SAR.

AS (Bílý 1982).

A rare species. The specimens were collected by BV on branches of , and , and HP during IV-V, VIII and X.

(Klug, 1829)

Africa: MR, SD, SN, TD (Bílý 1982). Asia: IL, IR, JO, SA, SY, YE. North Africa: DZ, EG, LY, MA, TN.

AFR_SAR.

AS, BA, MK, RI (Bílý 1982).

Frequent species that was collected by BV, SW and VC on branches of , and , and PT during IV-VII and IX.

Kerremans, 1907

Africa: ER, ET, SD. Asia: AE, SA, YE.

AFR_SAR.

AS (Bílý 1979), RI (Al Dhafer et al. 2016).

Very rare species. It was collected by PT under the canopy of during IV.

(Kiesenwetter, 1843)

Asia: IL, SY. Europe: AL, AT, BG, CH, CZ, DE, DK, ES, FR, GB, HR, HU, IT, NL, PL, RO, SE, SI, SK, UA. New to Arabian Peninsula.

PAL_SAR.

Rare species that was collected by Lt during IV-V.

(Reitter, 1887)

Asia: AE (Mascagni 2009), IL, IQ, IR, KZ, SY, TM, TR, UZ. Europe: GE. North Africa: DZ. New to KSA.

PAL_SAR.

Very rare species, which was collected by LT in IV.

(Germar, 1844)

Africa: SD, TD. Asia: AE, AF, AZ, CN, CY, IQ, IR, KG, KZ, MN, OM, PK, QA, SA, SY, TJ, TM, TR, UZ, YE. Europe: AM, GE, GR, RU, UA. North Africa: EG, LY, MA.

AFR_PAL_SAR_SJP.

EP, JZ, QS, RI (Platia and Schimmel 1997).

Common species. The adults were collected by PT under canopies of , , and ; and by HP and LT during I-VII and IX-X.

Platia & Schimmel, 1997

Asia: AE (Platia 2007), IR, OM, PA. New to KSA.

SAR.

Frequent species that was collected by PT under canopies of , , and ; and by LT during I-V and XI.

(Chassain, 1979)

Asia: AE (Platia 2007), IR, OM, QA, SA, YE.

SAR.

EP, MK, QS, RI (Chassain 1979 1983).

A frequent species. It was collected by LT through IV-VII.

Platia & Schimmel, 1997

Asia: AE (Platia 2007), IR, OM, PK. New to KSA.

SAR.

Frequent species. The adults were collected by LT through IV-VI and X.

Chassain, 1979

Asia: OM, SA.

SAR.

MD, MK, RI (Chassain 1979).

Very rare species that was collected by PT under canopies of and during I-II.

(Boisduval, 1835)

Africa: SN. Asia: AE (Platia 2007), ID, IL, IQ, IR, JP, LA, OM, PK, QA, SA, TW, VN, YE (Socotra). Australia: AU, FJ, MP, NC. North America: GT, US. South America: GF.

COS.

EP, MK, RI (Chassain 1983).

28.XII.2011

Collecting method.

Very rare species, which was collected by HP in XII.

Chassain, 1983

Asia: AE (Platia 2007), OM, SA, YE.

SAR.

JZ, MK, NJ, RI (Chassain 1983, Platia and Schimmel 1997).

Frequent species. The beetles were collected by LT during VIII-X.

(Erichson, 1840)

Africa: ER, ET, SO. Asia: AE, EG (Sinai), IR, OM, SA, SY, YE. North Africa: DZ, EG, MA. The distribution was updated from (Platia 2012).

AFR_SAR.

BA, EP, MK (Platia and Schimmel 1997), RI (Al Dhafer et al. 2016).

Abundant species that was collected by PT under canopies of and by LT during IV-IX.

Chassain, 1979

Asia: AE (Platia 2007), OM, SA, YE.

SAR.

RI (Chassain 1979).

Frequent species, which was collected by LT in IV-V and VII-X.

Platia & Schimmel, 1997

Asia: AE (Platia 2007), IQ, JO, KW, OM, QA, SA.

SAR.

BA, EP, MK (Platia and Schimmel 1997).

Frequent species that was collected by LT through IV-VI.

Al Dhafer & Platia, 2013

Asia: SA.

END.

RI (Al Dhafer and Platia 2013).

Abundant species that was collected by LT during IV.

Platia & Schimmel, 1997

Asia: SA, YE.

SAR.

AS, BA (Platia and Schimmel 1997), RI (Al Dhafer et al. 2016).

Rare species, which was collected by PT under canopy of , and by HP and LT during II-V.

Buysson, 1905

Asia: SA, YE. North Africa: DZ, EG, LY, MA, TN.

SAR.

JZ, RI (Platia and Schimmel 1997).

Rare species. It was collected by LT through III and V-VI.

DeGeer, 1774

Asia: AE, AF, AZ, CH, CN, CY, EG (Sinai), IL, IN, IQ, IR, JO, JP, KG, KP, KR, KZ, LB, MN, NP, OM, PK, RU, SA, SY, TJ, TM, TR, UZ, YE. Europe: AD, AL, AM, AT, BA, BE, BG, BY, CH, CZ, DE, DK, ES, FI, FR, GB, GE, GR, HR, HU, IE, IS, IT, LT, LU, LV, MK, MT, NL, NO, PL, PT, RO, RS, RU, SE, SI, SK, UA. North Africa: DZ, EG, ES (Canary Islands), LY, MA, PT (Madeira Archipelago), TN.

COS (Háva 2013).

EP, RI (Mroczkowski 1979).

Very rare species. It was collected by LT during III.

De Geer, 1774

Asia: AE, AF, AZ, CN, CY, EG (Sinai), IL, IN, IQ, IR, JO, JP, KG, KP, KR, KZ, LB, MN, NP, OM, PK, RU, SA, SY, TJ, TM, TR, UZ, YE. Europe: AD, PageBreakAL, AM, AT, BA, BE, BG, BY, CH, CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GE, GR, HR, HU, IE, IS, IT, LT, LU, LV, MK, MT, NL, NO, PL, PT, RO, RS, RU, SE, SI, SK, UA. North Africa: DZ, EG, ES (Canary Islands), LY, MA, PT (Madeira Archipelago), TN.

COS (Háva 2003).

MK (Mroczkowski 1979), RI (Al Dhafer et al. 2016).

Very rare species. The adult was collected by LT and PT during III and V.

Reitter, 1875

Africa: SD. Asia: CN, IL, IN, JP, PK, TR. Australia: AU. Europe: ES, FR, GB, IT, RU. North Africa: DZ, EG, MA. North America: CA, MX, US. New to Arabian Peninsula.

SCO.

Very rare species. The beetles were collected by PT under the canopies of , , and during IV.

Germar, 1834

Asia: SY. North Africa: DZ, EG, LY, MA. New to Arabian Peninsula.

SAR.

Very rare species. It was collected by PT under the canopies of , and during IV-VI.

Wasmann, 1894

North Africa: DZ, MA, TN. New to Arabian Peninsula.

SAR.

Very rare. The species was collected by PT under the canopy of during XII.

(Solsky, 1876) 34

Asia: KZ, MN, SA, TJ, TM, UZ.

PAL_SAR.

EP (Mroczkowski 1979), RI (Al Dhafer et al. 2016).

A frequent species. The adults were collected by BV, SW, VC and PT on branches/under the canopies of , , and ; and by MT through V-VI and VIII-XI.

Rosenhauer, 1856 1

Asia: AE, AF, CN, IN, IQ, IR, KG, KZ, MN, PK, SA, TJ, TM, TR, UZ. Europe: BG, CZ, ES, FR, GR, IT, RO, RU. North Africa: DZ, EG, MA, TN. The distribution is updated from Háva (2013).

PAL_ORR_SAR_SJP.

EP, MK (Mroczkowski 1979), RI (Al Dhafer et al. 2016).

Very rare species. It is collected by PT under canopy of during V.

Fairmaire, 1879

Africa: MR, NE, SD, SN. Asia: AE, IL, OM, QA, SA, SY, YE. Europe: ES. North Africa: DZ, EG, MA, TN. The distribution is updated from Háva (2013).

AFR_SAR.

EP (Háva 2011); RI (Alqarni et al. 2015; Al Dhafer et al. 2016).

Frequent species. The adults were collected by BV, SW, VC and PT on branches/under canopies of , , , and through IV-X.

(Mroczkowski, 1968)

Europe: ES, PT. North Africa: DZ, MA, TN. New to Arabian Peninsula.

SAR.

Very rare species that was collected by SW on branches of during II.

(Pic, 1893)

North Africa: EG, LY. New to Arabian Peninsula.

SAR.

Very rare species. It was collected by SW during VI.

Mruczkowski, 1980

Asia: SA.

END.

RI (Mroczkowski 1980).

Very rare species. The specimens were collected by BV on branches and PT canopies of , and during IV, VI-VII and X.

LeConte, 1854

Asia: AE (Háva 2013), AF, CN, IL, IR, JP, OM, RU, SA, TJ. Europe: CZ, DE, DK, ES, FI, FR, GB, IT, NL. North Africa: EG, MA, TN.

COS (Háva 2013).

MK, RI (Mroczkowski 1979).

Very rare species that was collected by BV on branches of in IX.

Mroczkowski, 1980

Asia: AE, OM, QA, SA, YE (Háva 2013).

SAR.

AS (Mroczkowski 1980).

Very rare species. The beetles were collected by BV and SW on branches of in IV and IX.

(Linnaeus, 1767)

Asia: AE, AF, AZ, CN, CY, EG (Sinai) IL, IN, IQ, IR, JO, JP, KG, KP, KR, KZ, LB, MN, NP, OM, PK, RU, SA, SY, TJ, TM, TR, UZ, YE. Europe: AD, AL, AM, AT, BA, BE, BG, BY, CH, CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GE, GR, HR, HU, IE, IS, IT, LT, LU, LV, MK, MT, NL, NO, PL, PT, RO, RS, RU, SE, SI, SK, UA. North Africa: DZ, EG, ES (Canary Islands), LY, MA, PT (Madeira Archipelago), TN. COS.

PAL_ORR_SAR_SJP.

RI (Alqarni et al. 2015; Al Dhafer et al. 2016).

Common species that was collected by BV, VC, SW and PT on branches/under canopies of , , , and ; and by LT through IV-X.

(Reitter, 1881)

Africa: ER, NA, SD, TJ, ZA, ZW. Asia: AE, AF, CY, IL, IN, IQ, IR, JO, PK, QA, SA, SY, TJ, TM, UZ. Europe: ES, GB, GR, PT. North Africa: DZ, EG, LY, MA, TN. The distribution is updated from Háva (2013).

AFR_ORR_PAL_SAR.

AS, RI (Mroczkowski 1979).

A frequent species. The specimens were collected by BV, VC, SW and PT on branches/under canopies of , , , and ; and by LT through IV-X.

(Fairmaire, 1883)

Africa: ER, ET, SO. Asia: AE (Geistharde 2010), IL, IR, JO, OM, PK, SA, YE. North Africa: DZ, EG, LY, MA, TN.

AFR_SAR.

MK, RI (Damoiseau 1979).

Common species that was collected by BV and LT during all months except II and VII.

Karsch, 1881

Africa: SN. Asia: AE (Geistharde 2010), SA, YE. North Africa: DZ, EG, LY, MA.

AFR_SAR.

RI (Damoiseau 1979).

Frequent species that was collected by BV and LT during all months except II, III and VIII.

(Lesne, 1898)

Africa: DJ, ER, MZ, NA, SN, SO. Asia: AE (Geistharde 2010). North Africa: DZ, EG, MA, TN. New to KSA.

AFR_SAR.

Rare species and its adults were collected by BV and LT during V, IX and X.

Schilsky, 1899

Asia: CY, IL, LB, SY. Europe: ES, FR, GR, HR, IT, PT. North Africa: DZ, EG, ES (Canary Islands), LY, TN. New to Arabian Peninsula.

PAL_SAR.

Very rare species, which was collected by LT during IX-X.

(Bach, 1852)

Asia: AZ, CY, EG (Sinai), IL, IQ, KZ, MN, SY, TM, TR, UZ. Europe: AM, AT, BE, BG, CH, CZ, DE, ES, FR, GE, GR, HR, HU, IT, MK, NL, PL, PT, RO, RU, SK, UA. North Africa: EG, LY, TN. New to Arabian Peninsula.

PAL_SAR.

A rare species. The adult beetles were collected by LT during IV-V and X.

Toskina, 1998

Asia: OM, SA.

SAR.

AS (Toskina 1998).

Very rare species. It was collected by LT in V.

(Lefebvre, 1835)

Asia: CN, IN, JP, RU, SA, TW. Europe: BE, DE, HU, NL, PL. North Africa: EG.

ORR_PAL_SAR_SJP.

BA (El-Hawagry et al. 2013), RI (Al Dhafer et al. 2016).

A rare species. It was collected by BV on branches and PT under canopies of , and during V-VII.

(Castelanu, 1832)

Africa: SN. Asia: AE, IR, OM, SA, YE. North Africa: DZ, EG, LY, TN. The distribution is updated from Gerstmeier (2010)

AFR_SAR.

BA, EP, JZ, RI (Menier 1986).

Frequent species that was collected by LT during V and IX-X.

(Fairmaire, 1892)

Africa: KE, MR, SD, SN, SO, TZ. Asia: AE, IR, OM, SA, YE. The distribution is updated from Gerstmeier (2010)

AFR_SAR.

AS, BA, JZ, MD, MK (Menier 1986).

Very rare species, which was collected by LT during IV and X.

(Fairmaire, 1892)

Africa: DJ. Asia: AE, IL, OM, SA, SY, YE. Europe: ES, IT. North Africa: DZ, EG, LY, MA. The distribution is updated from Gerstmeier (2010)

AFR_PAL_SAR.

AS, MD, MK, RI (Menier 1986).

A frequent species. The adults were collected by VC on branches of and by LT through IV-X.

(De Geer, 1775)

Asia: AE, AZ, CN, IN, IR, JP, MN, OM, RU, SA, TJ, TR. Europe: AM, AT, BE, BY, CH, CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, HR, HU, IE, IT, LI, LT, LV, NL, PT, RO, RU, SE, SI, SK. North Africa: DZ, EG, ES (Canary Islands), LY, MA, TN.

COS (Gerstmeier 2010)

BA (El-Hawagry et al. 2013), EP, MK, RI (Menier 1986).

Frequent species, which was collected by VC on branches of and by LT during IV-VIII and X.

Subfamily:

Collecting month and method.

Frequent species. The specimens were collected by BV, SW and PT on branches/under canopies of , , , , and ; and by HP and LT during II-V and XII.

Du Val, 1852

World distribution.

Europe: ES, FR, IT, PT. North Africa: DZ, EG, MA, TN. New to Arabian Peninsula.

General distribution.

PAL_SAR.

A frequent species. The beetles were collected by BV, SW, VC and PT on branches/under canopies of , , , , and ; and by HP during II-VI and IX.

A common species. The adults were collected by BV, SW, VC and PT on branches/under canopies of , , , , and ; and by HP and LT through V-IX.

A rare species. It was collected by BV on branches of and , by PT under canopies of and ; and by HP in III-IV and IX.

Gyllenhal, 1827

Africa: sub-saharan Africa. Asia: AF, AZ, CN, EG (Sinai), IR, JP, KG, KP, KZ, PK, RU, SA, TJ, TM, UZ. Europe: AT, BA, BE, BY, CH, CZ, DE, DK, EE, FI, FR, GB, GE, GR, HU, IE, IS, IT, LT, LV, NL, NO, PL, RO, RS, RU, SE, SI, SK, UA. North Africa: EG, MA. North America: CA, MX, US.

COS (Otero 2013).

Local distribution.

EP (Johnson 1989), RI (Al Dhafer et al. 2016).

Frequent species. The adults were collected by BV on branches and PT under canopies of , , , , and ; and by LT during I-III, V, VIII and XI-XII.

(Schönherr, 1808)

Asia: AZ, CN, IL, JP, RU. Europe: AM, AT, BA, BE, BY, CH, CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GE, GR, HR, HU, IE, IT, LI, LT, LV, NL, NO, PL, RO, RU, SE, SI, SK, UA. North America: CA. New to Arabian Peninsula.

NAR_PAL_SAR_SJP.

Very rare species that was collected by LT in X.

Tournier, 1889

Asia: AE (Švec 2010b), JO, SA. Europe: ES. North Africa: DZ, EG, MA, TN.

SAR.

RI (Al Dhafer et al. 2016).

Afrequent species. The adults were collected by PT under canoppy of , and by LT during IV-X.

(Fabricus, 1787)

Asia: AZ, BT, CN, IN, JP, KG, KZ, RU, TW, UZ. Australia: AU. Europe: AM, BE, CH, CZ, DE, DK, ES, FR, GE, IT, PL, PT, SK. North Africa: DZ, TN. New to Arabian Peninsula.

SCO.

Very rare species that was collected by LT during VIII and XI.

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Africa: MR, ZA. Asia: AE, AZ, CN, IL, IN, IQ, IR, JO, JP, LB, SA, TM, TR, TW. Europe: AL, AT, BA, BE, BY, CH, CZ, DE, DK, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, HR, HU, IE, IS, IT, LV, MD, MT, NL, PL, PT, SE, SK. North Africa: DZ, EG, ES (Canary Islands), LY, PT (Madeira Archipelago), TN. North America: GT, MX, NI, PA, US.

COS (Jelinek 1979).

EP, MK, RI (Beccari 1971, Jelinek 1979 1988).

Rare species. The adult beetles were collected by PT under canoppy of , and by HP and LT during IV-V and XI.

Audisio, 1990

Asia: AE, IL, IQ, IR, SA. North Africa: DZ, EG, LY, TN.

SAR.

EP, RI, (Jelinek 1979 1988).

Frequent species that was collected by PT under canoppy of during I, and by LT during III and X-XII.

Reitter, 1874

Asia: IQ, IR, SA, TR. North Africa: DZ, EG, MA, TN.

SAR.

MK (Endrödy-Younga 1979), RI (Beccari 1971).

A common species. The specimens were collected by BV, SW and VC on branches of , , , , and ; and by MT through II, V-IX and XII.

Mulsant, 1850

Africa: ER. Asia: AE, IL, IQ, IR, JO, PK, SA, SY, YE. North Africa: DZ, EG, MA.

AFR_SAR.

EP (Fürsch 1979).

Very rare species that was collected by BV on branches of in VIII.

Linnaeus, 1758

Africa: ZA. Asia: AF, AZ, BT, CN, CY, EG (Sinai), IL, IN, IQ, IR, JO, JP, KG, KP, KR, KW, KZ, LB, MN, NP, PK, RU, SA, SY, TJ, TM, TR, TW, UZ. Europe: AD, AL, AM, AT, BA, BE, BG, BY, CH, CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GE, GR, HR, HU, IE, IT, LI, LT, LU, LV, MD, MK, NL, NO, PL, PT, RO, RS, RU, SE, SI, SK, UA. North Africa: PT (Madeira Archipelago). North America: CA, US.

SCO.

RI (Fürsch 1979).

Very rare species, which was collected by SW during IV.

Mulsant, 1850

Asia: AE, AF, CN, EG (Sinai), IL, IN, IQ, IR, JO, KG, KW, KZ, MN, PK, RU, SA, SY, TR. Europe: GR, IT, PT, RU. North Africa: DZ, EG, LY, TN.

PAL_ORR_SAR_SJP.

RI (Fürsch 1979).

A frequent species. The adult beetles were collected by BV, SW, VC and PT on branches/under canopies of , , , and during I-IV and XI.

(Motschulsky, 1837)

Asia: IL, IQ, IR, LB, SA, SY, YE. Europe: AM, FR, GR, HR, IT. North Africa: DZ, EG, LY, MA, TN.

PAL_SAR.

RI (Fürsch 1979).

Frequent species. The specimens were collected by BV and SW on branches and PT under canopies of , , , , and through I-VII.

(Goeze, 1777)

Africa: SZ, ZA. Asia: AE, AF, AZ, BT, CN, EG (Sinai), IL, IN, IQ, IR, JO, KG, KP, KR, KZ, LB, MN, NP, PK, RU, SA, SY, TJ, TM, TR, UZ, YE. Europe: AD, AL, AM, AT, BA, BE, BG, BY, CH, CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GE, GR, HR, HU, IT, LI, LT, LU, LV, MD, MK, NL, PL, PT, RO, RS, RU, SE, SI, SK, UA. North Africa: DZ, EG, ES (Canary Islands), LY, MA, PT (Madeira Archipelago), TN. North America: US.

COS.

BA (El-Hawagry et al. 2013), JZ (Beccari 1971), RI (Talhouk 1982; Al Dhafer et al. 2016).

Frequent species. The specimens were collected by BV, SW, VC and PT on branches/ under canopies of , , , and ; and by LT and MT in I and III-IV.

Capra, 1929

Africa: GM, SN. Asia: AE (Raimundo et al. 2007), SA, YE. North Africa: LY.

AFR_SAR.

RI (Talhouk 1982)

Rare species that was collected by BV, SW and VC on branches of , , and ; and MT during V-VIII.

Kapur, 1959

Africa: TG. Asia: AE (Raimundo et al. 2007), IR, SA, YE.

AFR_SAR.

AS (Fürsch 1979).

Very rare species, which was collected by VC on branches of in VII.

(Mulsant, 1850)

Africa: ZA. Asia: AF, CN, IL, IN, IR, JO, JP, LB, PK, RU, SA, TW, YE. Europe: GR, IT. North Africa: EG.

AFR_ORR_PAL_SAR_SJP.

RI (Al Dhafer et al. 2016).

Very rare species. The specimens were collected by BV on branches of and ; and by PT under canopies of and during IV and VII.

Fürsch, 1979

Asia: SA, YE.

SAR.

RI (Fürsch 1979).

Rare species. The adults were collected by BV on branches of and ; by PT under canopy of ; and by VC on branches of during II-V and XII.

(Küster, 1848)

Africa: Africa. Asia: AE (Raimundo et al. 2007), AF, IL, IN, IQ, IR, SA, SY, YE. Europe: ES, FR, GR, IT. North Africa: DZ, EG, LY, MA, TN.

AFR_ORR_PAL_SAR

AS, RI (Fürsch 1979).

Common beetles that were collected by BV and VC on branches of , and throughout the year except in VI and VIII.

Fürsch, 1989

Asia: SA. North Africa: EG.

SAR.

RI (Fürsch 1989).

Very rare species that was collected by SW on branches of during XII.

Mulsant, 1850

Africa: KE, SZ, UG. Asia: AE (Raimundo et al. 2007), AF, BD, IL, IN, IQ, IR, JO, JP, KW, LB, NP, OM, PK, SA, SY, TR, TW, YE. Australia: AU. Europe: ES, GR, IT, PT. North Africa: EG, ES (Canary Islands), PT (Madeira Archipelago).

SCO.

AS (Fürsch 1979; Raimundo et al 2006); RI (Al Dhafer et al. 2016).

A rare species, which was collected by PT under canopy of , and by LT and MT during V and VII-VIII.

(Goeze, 1777)

Africa: ZA. Asia: AE, AF, AZ, CY, EG (Sinai), IL, IQ, IR, JO, KG, KW, KZ, LB, PK, QA, SA, SY, TJ, TR, UZ, YE. Europe: AD, AL, AM, AT, BA, BG, CH, CZ, DE, ES, FR, GE, GR, HR, HU, IT, MK, PT, RO, RS, RU, SI, SK, UA. North Africa: DZ, EG, ES (Canary Islands), LY, MA, PT (Madeira Archipelago), TN.

AFR_PAL_SAR.

AS, RI (Fürsch 1979).

Common species. The adults were collected by BV, SW, VC and PT on branches/under canopies of , , , and throughout the year except in X.

(Marseul, 1868)

Asia: CY, EG (Sinai), IL, IQ, IR, JO, LB, SA, SY. North Africa: EG.

SAR.

BA (El-Hawagry et al. 2013), EP (Fürsch 1989).

A common species that was collected by BV, SW and VC on branches of , , , and ; and by HP during II-VII and X-XII.

(Kapur, 1959)

Asia: AE (Raimundo et al. 2007), OM, SA, YE.

SAR.

AS, RI (Fürsch 1979).

A rare species that was collected by BV on branches of , by SW and VC on branches of , and by LT during IV and X.

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Africa: GM, MR, ZA. Asia: AE, AF, AZ, BT, CN, CY, EG (Sinai), IL, IQ, IR, JO, JP, KG, KR, KZ, MN, NP, PK, RU, SA, SY, TJ, TM, TR, UZ, YE. Europe: AD, AL, AM, AT, BA, BE, BG, BY, CH, CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, FI, FO, FR, GB, GE, GR, HR, HU, IE, IS, IT, LI, LT, LU, LV, MD, MK, MT, NL, NO, PL, PT, RO, RS, RU, SE, SI, SK, UA. North Africa: DZ, EG, ES (Canary Islands), LY, MA, PT (Madeira Archipelago), TN. South America: CL.

COS.

BA (El-Hawagry et al. 2013).

Very rare species. The adults were collected by LT during V.

(Reitter, 1920)

Asia: CY, IL, IQ, JO, SA, YE.

SAR.

EP, RI (Kaszab 1979).

Common beetles that were collected by PT under the canopies , and ; and by LT throughout the year except in XI.

Reitter, 1900

Asia: IL, IR, JO, SA, SY, TR.

PAL_SAR.

MD, NJ, RI (Kaszab 1981 1982).

A frequent species. The adults were collected by PT under the canopies , , and ; and by HP through II, IV-V, and VII-X.

(Klug, 1830)

Asia: AE, BH, EG (Sinai), IL, IR, IQ, JO, KW, OM, PK, SA, SY, YE. The distribution is updated from Schawaller (2010).

SAR.

AS, BA, EP, JZ, MD, MK, NJ, RI (Kaszab 1979 1981 1982; El-Hawagry et al. 2013).

Very rare species. It was collected by PT under canopy of and in III and V.

(Linnaeus, 1764)

North Africa: EG. New to Arabian Peninsula,

SAR.

Very rare species that was collected by PT under canopy of during VII.

Redtenbacher, 1850

Asia: AE (Schawaller 2010), IQ, IR, SY. New to KSA.

SAR.

Very rare species, which was collected by LT in IX.

Kaszab, 1979

Asia: SA.

END.

EP, RI (Kaszab 1979 1981 1982).

Very rare species that was collected by HP during II.

(Kirchsberg, 1877)

Asia: AE, OM, SA.

SAR.

AS, EP, HA, MD, MK, QS, RI, (Kaszab 1979 1981 1982).

Common beetles that were collected by PT under canopies of , , , , and ; and by HP and LT through I-VI.

Schawaller, Al Dhafer & Fadl, 2013

Asia: SA (Schawaller et al. 2013).

END.

RI (Schawaller et al. 2013).

A rare beetle. The adults were collected by PT under canopies of , , , and ; and by HP during II-IV.

(Marseul, 1867)

Asia: AE, IL, SA. North Africa: DZ, LY, TN.

SAR.

AS, RI (Kaszab 1981).

Very rare species that was collected by PT under canopy of in X.

Kaszab, 1979

Asia: AE, SA.

SAR.

EP, HA, MK, RI (Kaszab 1979 1981 1982).

A rare species. The specimens were collected by LT through V-IX.

Solier, 1834

Asia: EG (Sinai), SA. North Africa: EG.

SAR.

AS, EP, HA, JF, JZ, MD, MK, QS, TB, (Kaszab 1979 1981 1982).

Very rare species that was collected by LT in IV.

Peyerimhoff, 1907

Asia: EG (Sinai), IQ, JO, SA. North Africa: EG.

SAR.

ES, NJ (Kaszab 1981).

Very rare species. The beetles were collected by HP during II and XII.

Solier, 1834

Asia: AF, IQ, IR, SA, SY.

SAR.

MK, QS, RI (Kaszab 1979 1981)

Very rare species that was collected by PT under canopy of through III.

(Fabricius, 1775)

Africa: ER, NG, SD. Asia: EG (Sinai), IL, IQ, IR, JO, LB, SA (Al Dhafer et al. 2016), SY. North Africa: DZ, EG, LY, TN.

AFR_SAR.

RI (Al Dhafer et al. 2016).

Very rare species. The specimens were collected by PT under canopy of through V; and by HP in V and XII.

Solier, 1835

Africa: SD, SO. Asia: AE, EG (Sinai), IL, IQ, IR, JO, SA, SY, TM, YE. Europe: AM. North Africa: EG.

AFR_PAL_SAR.

AS, EP, HA, MD, MK, NJ, QS, RI, TB (Kaszab 1979 1981 1982).

An abundant species. The adults of this beetle were collected by HP, LT and PT all over the year except in XI.

Kaszab, 1979

Asia: AE, SA.

SAR.

EP, RI (Kaszab 1979 1981 1982).

Common species that was collected by HP, LT and PT throughout the year.

(Blair, 1931)

Asia: AE, KW, SA.

SAR.

EP, MK, RI (Kaszab 1979 1982).

Very rare species that was collected by LT during III.

(Klug, 1830)

Asia: AE, BH, IL, IQ, JO, KW, OM, PK, SA, SY, YE. North Africa: EG.

SAR.

AS, BA, EP, HA, MD, MK, RI (Kaszab 1979 1982)

A rare species. The beetles were collected by HP and PT in X-XII.

Kwieton, 1981

Asia: BH, SA.

SAR.

EP, MD, RI, TB (Kaszab 1979 1982).

Very rare species that was collected by HP during I.

Ancey, 1881

Asia: AE, BH, IQ, IR, SA, YE.

SAR.

AS, EP, HA, MD, MK, QS, RI (Kaszab 1979 1982).

A rare species. This beetle was collected by HP, LT and PT during II, IV, VI and X.

Haag-Rutenberg, 1876

Asia: AE, EG (Sinai), IN, IR, JO, OM, PK, SA, YE. North Africa: AG.

ORR_SAR.

AS, BA, MK, RI (Kaszab 1979 1982; El-Hawagry et al. 2013).

A frequent species. The specimens were collected by HP and PT during III-VI and VIII.

Reiche & Saulcy, 1857

Asia: AE, BH, CY, EG (Sinai), IL, IQ, IR, JO, OM, SA, SY, TR, YE. Europe: GR. North Africa: EG. According to the Palaearctic catalogue occurs east of the Arabian Peninsula also in Iran and in the ORR region (Löbl et al. 2008). However, the known distribution of species indicates its absence from Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India. The only record available from western India apparently is by Kaszab (1982). This record is a misidentification and Kaszab (1982) did not specifically mention this species from Afghanistan (W. Schawaller, personal communication, February 29 2016).

PAL_SAR.

EP, HA, MK, NJ, QS, RI, TB (Kaszab 1979 1982)

Rare species that was collected by HP and PT through III-VI, X and XII.

Kaszab, 1961

Asia: AE, OM, SA, YE.

SAR.

HA, JZ, MK, NJ, QS, RI (Kaszab 1979 1981 1982).

A frequent species. The adults of this species were collected by BV on branches of and , and by HP during IV and VII-IX.

Brullé, 1832

Asia: AF, AZ, CN, CY, EG (Sinai), IL, IQ, IR, JO, KZ, LB, PK, SA, SY, TJ, TM, TR, UZ. Europe: AL, AM, ES, GR, IT. North Africa: DZ, LY, MA, TN.

PAL_SAR_SJP.

MK, QS (Kaszab 1981 1982), RI (Al Dhafer et al. 2016)

Frequent species. The adults were collected by HP and PT through II-IV and VI-X.

(Fabricius, 1781)

Africa: GH. Asia: AE, AF, BH, BT, CN, CY, IN, IQ, IR, JP, KZ, RU, SA, TW, YE. Europe: AM, BE, CH, DE, ES, GB, GR, HU, IT, LU, MT, NL, PL, PT, RU, SK, UA. North Africa: EG, ES (Canary Islands), LY, PT (Madeira Archipelago), TN. North America: MX, US.

COS (Schawaller 2010).

EP, MD, MK, RI (Kaszab 1979 1982).

Very rare species that was collected by LT during X.

Seidlitz, 1893

Asia: AE, IQ, JO, OM, SA, YE. North Africa: EG.

SAR.

AS, BA, EP, HA, MD, MK, QS, RI (Kaszab 1979 1981 1982; El-Hawagry et al. 2013).

A frequent species. The adult beetles were collected by HP, LT and PT during I-II, V-VI and X-XII.

(Wollaston, 1864)

Africa: SO. Asia: AE, AF, BH, CN, EG (Sinai), IL, IQ, IR, JO, KZ, MN, OM, PK, SA, TM, UZ, YE. Europe: ES, IT, MT. North Africa: DZ, EG, ES (Canary Isalands), LY, MA, TN.

AFR_PAL_SAR_SJP.

AS, EP, HA, JZ, MD, MK, RI (Kaszab 1979 1982). It is reported as (Wollaston 1864) from BA (El-Hawagry et al. 2013).

Common species. The specimens were collected by LT and PT through IV-X.

(Tournier, 1868)

Africa: SD, TD. Asia: AE (Schawaller 2010), EG (Sinai), IL, OM, SA, YE. North Africa: DZ, EG, ES (Canary Isalands), LY, MA, TN.

AFR_SAR.

EP, HA, MD, MK, QS, RI (Kaszab 1979 1982).

A rare species. The adults were collected by BV and SW on branches of and , respectively during VII; and by LT in V-VI.

(Gené, 1839)

Asia: AE, AZ, CY, EG (Sinai), IL, IQ, IR, JO, SA, TR. Australia: AU. Europe: AM, ES, FR, GR, IT, PT. North Africa: EG, ES (Canary Isalands), LY, MA, TN.

AUS_PAL_SAR.

AS, EP, HA, MD, MK, NJ, RI, TB (Kaszab 1979 1982).

Very rare species that was collected by LT during VII.

(Erichson, 1843)

Africa: ZA. Asia: AE, CY, IR, SA, SY. Europe: ES, IT. North Africa: DZ, EG, ES (Canary Isalands), LY, MA, TN.

AFR_PAL_SAR.

AS, MD, MK (Kaszab 1979 1982), RI (Al Dhafer et al. 2016).

An abundant species. The beetles were collected by HP, LT and PT throughout the year.

(Olivier, 1811)

Asia: AF, AZ, CN, EG (Sinai), IL, IQ, IR, KZ, MN, OM, RU, SA, TJ, TM, TR, UZ. Europe: AL, AM, ES, FR, GR, HR, IT, MT, MK, PT, RU, UA. North Africa: EG, ES (Canary Isalands), LY, MA, PT (Madeira Archipelago), TN.

PAL_SAR_SJP.

AS, EP, MK, RI (Kaszab 1979 1982).

Common species that was collected by HP, LT and PT all over the year.

(Faldermann, 1837)

Africa: ZA. Asia: AE (Schawaller 2010), AF, CN, CY, EG (Sinai), IL, IQ, IR, KZ, LB, SA, SY, TJ, TM, TR, UZ, YE. Europe: AM, ES, GR, IT, MT, RU. North Africa: EG, ES (Canary Isalands), LY, MA, TN.

AFR_PAL_SAR_SJP.

EP, HA, MD, MK, QS, RI, TB (Kaszab 1979 1982).

Common species that was collected by HP, LT and PT through II, IV-X and XII.

(Reiche & Saulcy, 1857)

Africa: ET. Asia: AE (Schawaller 2010), AF, EG (Sinai), IL, IR, JO, PK, SA, SY, YE.

AFR_SAR.

AS, BA, HA, MK, NJ, RI (Kaszab 1979 1982).

Rare species that was collected by HP, LT and PT in I, V and IX-X.

(Fairmaire, 1896)

Asia: AE, AF, BH, IN, IR, KW, NP, OM, PK, SA, YE.

ORR_SAR.

RI (Kaszab 1979 1982).

Abundant species. The specimens of this species were collected by BV on branches of in IV; and by HP, LT and PT throughout the year except in IX and XI.

(Wollaston, 1867)

Africa: CV, GM. Asia: AE (Schawaller 2010), LK, PK, SA. North Africa: DZ, EG, LY, MA.

AFR_ORR_SAR.

MK (Kaszab 1979 1982).

Very rare species, which was collected by LT during VIII.

(Mäklin, 1863)

Africa: DJ, ER, ET, SD, SN, SO, TD. Asia: AE (Schawaller 2010), SA, YE.

AFR_SAR.

AS, JZ, MD, MK, RI (Kaszab 1979 1982).

Rare species. The adults were collected by PT under canopy of during V; and y LT in IV-V.

Kaszab, 1982

Asia: SA.

END.

MD, QS (Kaszab 1982).

Very rare species that was collected by HP during XII.

Baudi 1875

Asia: AF, AZ, CY, IQ, IR, SA, SY, TJ, TM, TR, UZ.

PAL_SAR.

RI (Kaszab 1979).

Rare species that was collected by HP and LT during II-III, VII and IX.

(Fabricius, 1775)

Africa: SD. Asia: IL, JO, SA, SI, YE. North Africa: EG.

AFR_SAR.

RI (Kaszab 1979 1982).

A common species. The adult beetles were collected by BV on branches of during X; and by HP and PT all over the year except in VI and IX.

Baudi, 1876

Asia: SA. North Africa: EG.

SAR.

HA, MK, RI (Kaszab 1979 1982; Johnson 1989).

A frequent species. The specimens were collected by HP, LT and PT during I-VII, X and XII.

Campbell, 1980

Asia: SA.

END.

RI (Campbell 1980).

Rare species that was collected by LT during V-VI and VIII-X.

(Küster, 1850)

Asia: CY, IQ, SY, TR. New to Arabian Peninsula.

SAR.

Very rare species that was collected by SW during IV.

(Muche, 1982)

Asia: AE, OM, SA.

SAR.

AS, BA, MD, MK (Muche 1982).

Frequent species. The adults were collected by LT during IV-VI, IX and XI.

Novak, 2008

Asia: IR. New to Arabian Peninsula

SAR.

A frequent species that was collected by LT in IV-X.

Muche, 1982

Asia: AE, SA.

SAR.

MK, RI (Muche 1982).

Common species. The specimens were collected by LT in IV-VI and X.

Švihla, 1984

Asia: AE, IR, OM, SA.

SAR.

EP (Švihla 1984).

Very rare species. The specimens were collected by LT during V-VI.

(Haag-Rutenberg, 1880)

Asia: AE, IR, OM, PK, SA, YE.

SAR.

EP, MD, MK, RI, (Kaszab 1983, Schneider 1991).

Very rare species that was collected by LT through IV.

(Kaszab 1953)

Asia: AE, IQ, OM, SA.

SAR.

EP, MD, MK, QS, RI, (Kaszab 1983, Schneider 1991).

Frequent species, which was collected by LT during IV.

(Kirsch, 1871)

Asia: EG (Sinai), IL, JO, SA. North Africa: DZ, EG, LY, MA, TN.

SAR.

AS, EP, RI (Kaszab 1983, Schneider 1991).

Very rare species that was collected by LT during III.

Pic, 1924

Africa: CD. Asia: AE (Batelka and Geisthardt 2009), IL, SA.

AFR_SAR.

BA, RI (Kaszab 1983, Schneider 1991; El-Hawagry et al. 2013).

Very rare species. The adults were collected by LT in VI.

(Laferte-Senectere, 1847)

Africa: ET, ZA. Asia: AE, EG (Sinai), IL, IQ, IR, JO, LB, OM, PK, SA, SY, YE. Europe: ES, IT. North Africa: DZ, EG, ES (Canary Islands), LY, MA, TN.

AFR_SAR.

AS, BA, JZ, MD, MK, QS (Uhmann 1998; El-Hawagry et al. 2013).

Very rare species that was collected by LT during IV and VI.

Kejval, 2002

Asia: AE (Telnov 2007), IR, OM, PK. New to KSA.

SAR.

Rare species. The specimens of this species were collected by BV, SW, VC and PT on branches/under canopies of , , , , and ; and by LT through IV-VI.

Laferte-Senectere, 1849

Africa: CF, GM, KE, MR, NA, SL, SN, SZ, TD, ZA. Asia: AE, AF, AZ, CN, CY, EG (Sinai), IL, IN, IQ, IR, JO, JP, KW, NP, OM, PK, SA, SY, TH, TR, TW, UZ, YE. Europe: AL, AM, BG, GR, MT, PT, RU. North Africa: DZ, EG, ES (Canary Islands), LY, MA, PT (Madeira Archipelago), TN. North America: CU, DO, PR. South America: VE.

COS.

AS, MK, QS, (Uhmann 1998), BA (El-Hawagry et al. 2013), RI (Al Dhafer et al. 2016).

Rare species. The adults were collected by PT under canopies of ; and by LT during V-VII and IX-X.

Schmidt, 1842

Asia: AF, AZ, CY, IL, IQ, IR, JO, KZ, LB, SA, SY, TJ, TM, TR, UZ, YE. Europe: AM, BG, ES, FR, GE, GR, HR, IT, MT, RO, RU, SE, SK, UA. North Africa: DZ, EG, ES (Canary Islands), LY, MA, TN.

PAL_SAR.

RI (Uhmann 1992).

Very rare species that was collected by LT in IX.

(LaFerté-Sénectěre, 1849)

Africa: GM, TD. Asia: AE, AF, CY, EG (Sinai), IL, IQ, IR, JO, OM, QA, SA, TM, TR, YE. North Africa: DZ, EG, LY, MA, TN.

AFR_PAL_SAR.

BA (El-Hawagry et al. 2013), JZ, MK (Uhmann 1998), RI (Al Dhafer et al. 2016).

A rare species. The beetles were collected by PT under canopies of , and ; and by LT during IV-VI.

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Africa: CM, MR, SN, ZA. Asia: AE (Telnov 2007), AF, AZ, BT, CN, CY, EG (Sinai), IL, IN, IR, JO, JP, LB, MN, NP, OM, PK, RU, SA, SY, TM, TR. Australia: PG. Europe: AL, AR, AT, BA, BE, BG, BY, CH, DE, DK, EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GE, GR, HR, HU, IE, IT, LI, LT, LV, MD, MK, MT, NL, NO, PL, PT, RO, RS, RU, SE, SK, TR, UA. North Africa: DZ, EG, ES (Canary Islands), LY, MA, PT (Madeira Archipelago), TN. North America: CA, US.

COS (Uhmann 1998, Telnov 2007).

BA, MK (Uhmann 1998), RI (Alqarni et al. 2015; Al Dhafer et al. 2016).

Very rare species that was collected by PT under canopies of , and by LT during V-VI.

(Olivier, 1811)

Africa: CG, CI, CV, ET, SD, SO, TD, TZ. Asia: AE, CY, EG (Sinai), IL, IQ, IR, LB, SA, TR, YE. Europe: GR. North Africa: DZ, EG, ES (Canary Islands), LY, MA, TN.

AFR_PAL_SAR.

EP, JZ, MD, MK, NB, RI, TB (Uhmann 1998).

Very rare species that was collected by PT under canopy of in IV.

Pankow, 1981

Asia: SA.

END.

AS (Pankow 1981).

A frequent species. It was collected by BV and PT on branches/under canopy of , and by LT and MT through IV-V, VII and X.

Rare species. The specimens were collected by BV on branches of in V, by PT under canopy of in V, and by LT during V-VII and IX.

Villiers, 1968

Asia: SA.

END.

RI (Holzschuh 1993).

Very rare species. It was collected by HP during IX.

(Pic, 1895)

Africa: MR. Asia: AE, IL, IQ, IR, PK, SA. North Africa: EG.

AFR_SAR.

MD, MK, RI (Holzschuh and Téocchi 1991).

Rare species. The adults were collected by HP and LT during IV-V, X-XI.

(Allard, 1868)

Africa: BF, CD, MR, SD, SN. Asia: IL, SA, YE. North Africa: EG.

AFR_SAR.

AS (Anton 1994), RI (Al Dhafer et al. 2016).

Common species, which was collected by BV, SW and VC on branches of , , , , and , and by HP, LT and PT throughout the year.

(Gyllenhall, 1833)

Africa: AO, BF, CD, CM. ET, KE, MR, MZ, NA, NE, NG, RW, SD, SN, SO, SZ, TD, TZ, ZA. Asia: IR, JO, SA, YE. Europe: ES, HU. North Africa: EG.

AFR_SAR.

AS, MK (Decelle 1979), RI (Al Dhafer et al. 2016)

Common species. The specimens were collected by PT under the canopies of , , and ; and by SW on branches of and ; and by HP, LT and MT throughout the year.

(Geoffory, 1785)

Asia: AF, AZ, CN, CY, IL, IQ, IR, JO, KG, KZ, LB, MN, SA, SY, TJ, TM, TR, UZ. Europe: AL, AM, AT, BA, BE, BG, CH, CZ, DE, DK, ES, FI, FR, GB, GE, GR, HR, HU, IT, LU, MK, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, RS, RU, SE, SI, SK, UA. North Africa: DZ, MA, TN.

PAL_SAR_SJP.

RI (Anton 1994).

Very rare that species was collected by SW on branches of during VIII.

(Ménétriés, 1849)

Asia: AF, IL, IR, KG, KZ, SY, TM, TR, UZ. New to Arabian Peninsula.

PAL_SAR.

Very rare species. It was collected by PT under the canopy of during II.

Kutschera, 1860

Asia: AF, AZ, CN, CY, IL, IQ, IR, JO, KG, KZ. LB, OM, RU, SA (Al Dhafer et al. 2016), SY, TJ, TR, TM, UZ. Europe: AM, GR, IT, MT.

PAL_SAR_SJP.

RI (Al Dhafer et al. 2016).

Common species. The adult beetles were collected by BV, SW, VC and PT on branches/under the canopies of , , , . and ; and by LT and MT throughout the year.

Heikertinger, 1916

Asia: AE, EG (Sinai), SA.

SAR.

RI (Doguet 1979; Medvedev 1996).

Very rare species that was collected by LT during IV.

(Lacordaire 1848)

Africa: ET, SD. Asia: AF, JO, OM, SA, YE. North Africa: EG.

AFR_SAR.

AS, BA, JZ, MK (Medvedev 1993 1996; El-Hawagry et al. 2013).

Very rare species, which was collected by BV on branches of during V.

(Baly, 1878)

Asia: IR, OM, SA. North Africa: EG.

SAR.

MK (Medvedev 1996).

Very rare species. It was collected by LT during IV.

(Wagner, 1909)

Africa: MW, ZA. Asia: AE (Magnano et al. 2009), IR, OM, QA (Magnano et al. 2009), SA (Al Dhafer et al. 2016). North Africa: EG.

AFR_SAR.

RI (Al Dhafer et al. 2016)

Common species. The beetles of this species were collected by BV, SW and VC on branches of , , and ; by PT under canopies of ; and by LT throughout the year.

(A. Costa, 1863)

Asia: AZ, CY, IL, KZ, SA (Abdel-Dayem et al. 2015), SY, UZ. Europe: BG, ES, FR, GE, GR, HR, HU, IT, UA. North Africa: DZ, EG, LY, MA, TN.

PAL_SAR.

RI (Abdel-Dayem et al. 2015).

Very rare species that was collected by BV on branches of in IV.

(Tournier, 1873)

Africa: TD. Asia: IL, SA (Abdel-Dayem et al. 2015). North Africa: DZ, EG, LY, MA.

AFR_SAR.

RI (Abdel-Dayem et al. 2015).

Common species. The specimens were collected by BV on branches of in III-V.

(Peyerimhoff, 1948)

Africa: TD. Asia: IL, SA (Abdel-Dayem et al. 2015). North Africa: EG, LY, MA.

AFR_SAR.

RI (Abdel-Dayem et al. 2015).

Very rare species. The beetles were collected by BV on branches of , , , , and during I-VII and IX; by PT under canopies of and in III; and by HP and SW in II and III respectivelly.

(Hoffmann, 1963)

Africa: TD. Asia: SA (Abdel-Dayem et al. 2015). North Africa: DZ, LY.

AFR_SAR.

RI (Abdel-Dayem et al. 2015).

A frequent species. The specimens were collected by BV on branches of , and during I-III, V, VIII, and IX-XII.

(Desbrochers des Loges, 1893)

Asia: IL, SA (Abdel-Dayem et al. 2015). North Africa: DZ, EG, LY, TN.

SAR.

RI (Abdel-Dayem et al. 2015).

Very rare species that was collected by BV on branches of and by PT under canopy of during III.

Caldara, 2000

Africa: AO, DJ, SD, SN. Asia: SA, YE.

AFR_SAR.

JZ (Caldara 2000).

Very rare species, which was collected by PT under canopy of in XII.

(Pic, 1901)

Africa: SD. Asia: SA (Abdel-Dayem et al. 2015), TR. North Africa: DZ, EG, LY, MA, TN.

AFR_SAR.

RI (Abdel-Dayem et al. 2015).

Very rare species that was collected by PT under canopy of during IV.

Colonnelli, 2009

Asia: AE (Magnano et al. 2009), SA (Abdel-Dayem et al. 2015).

SAR.

RI (Abdel-Dayem et al. 2015).

Very rare species and its adult was collected by LT during IV.

Faust, 1885

Asia: AE (Magnano et al. 2009), AZ, CY, SA (Abdel-Dayem et al. 2015), TM, UZ. Europe: RO.

PAL_SAR.

RI (Abdel-Dayem et al. 2015).

Rare species. It was collected by PT under canopies of , , , and during III-IV, X and XII; also collected by LT during V.

(Desbrochers des Loges, 1873)

Asia: IL, SA (Abdel-Dayem et al. 2015). North Africa: EG.

SAR.

RI (Abdel-Dayem et al. 2015).

A rare species. The adult beetles were collected by BV on branches of during II and V; and by LT through X.

Caldara & Fremuth, 1992

Asia: IQ, IR, JO, SA, TR. North Africa: EG.

PAL_SAR.

EP, RI (Caldara 1993).

Rare species. Its adult was collected by BV on branches of , and through XII; by PT under canopy of in XI; and by LT and MT during V and VII respectivelly.

Pic, 1898

Asia: EG (Sinai), IQ, IR, JO, SA. North Africa: DZ, EG, LY, TN.

SAR.

MD, RI (Caldara 1993).

Very rare species that was collected by PT under canopy of in II.

Roudier, 1954

Asia: AE (Magnano et al. 2009), SA, YE. North Africa: DZ, EG.

SAR.

AS, RI (Caldara 1993).

A frequent species. The adults were collected by BV, SW and VC on branches of , and during III-V; and by PT under canopy of during I-VI and XII.

A rare species. It was collected by PT under canopies of and during I-II; and by HP and LT in I, IV and XII.

Fåhraeus, 1840

Asia: IL, IQ, SA (Abdel-Dayem et al. 2015), SY. North Africa: EG.

SAR.

RI (Abdel-Dayem et al. 2015).

Very rare species that was collected by LT in I, IV and XII.

(Boheman, 1834)

Asia: AE (Magnano et al. 2009), IL, IQ, IR, JO, KW, QA, SA, SY, TR. Europe: IT (Sicilia). North Africa: DZ, EG, ES (Canary Islands), LY, MA, PT (Madeira Archipelago), TN.

SAR.

Heyden (1913) just mentioned Arabia without any further detail about locality. Abdel-Dayem et al. (2015) have been confirmed the occurrence of the species in KSA: RI.

A rare species. The beetles were collected by PT under canopies of , and during II, VIII and XII.

(Boheman, 1834)

Asia: IL, IR, LB, SA (Abdel-Dayem et al. 2015). North Africa: EG. North America: US.

NAR_SAR.

RI (Abdel-Dayem et al. 2015).

Very rare species that was collected by LT during IV.

(Fabricius, 1798)

Africa: CG, ET, NE, SN, TD, TG. Asia: AE, CY, ID, IQ, IR, JO, PK, SA (Abdel-Dayem et al. 2015), SY, TR, YE (Socotra). Europe: FR. North Africa: EG.

AFR_PAL_SAR.

RI (Abdel-Dayem et al. 2015).

Very rare species that was collected by BV on branches of in XI.

Desbrochers des Loges, 1897

Asia: SA. North Africa: DZ, EG, LY, MA.

SAR.

There is no available information.

Very rare species. The adult of this species was collected by BV on branches of through V.

Desbrochers des Loges, 1893

Asia: AE, IQ, SA (Abdel-Dayem et al. 2015), TR, YE. North Africa: EG. TN.

SAR.

RI (Abdel-Dayem et al. 2015).

Very rare species that was collected by HP in IV.

(Fåhraeus, 1842)

Africa: ET, MR, SD, TD. Asia: EG (Sinai), IL, IN, IQ, IR, JO, PK, SA, YE. North Africa: DZ, EG, ES (Canary Islands), LY, MA, TN.

AFR_ORR_SAR.

RI (Shalaby 1961, Beccari 1971).

Very rare species that was collected by HP in II.