BACKGROUND: Exome sequencing has recently been proved to be a successful diagnostic method for complex neurodevelopmental disorders. However, the diagnostic yield of exome sequencing for autism spectrum disorders has not been extensively evaluated in large cohorts to date. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed diagnostic exome sequencing in a cohort of 163 individuals with autism spectrum disorder (66.3%) or autistic features (33.7%). RESULTS: The diagnostic yield observed in patients in our cohort was 25.8% (42 of 163) for positive or likely positive findings in characterized disease genes, while a candidate genetic etiology was reported for an additional 3.3% (4 of 120) of patients. Among the positive findings in the patients with autism spectrum disorder or autistic features, 61.9% were the result of de novo mutations. Patients presenting with psychiatric conditions or ataxia or paraplegia in addition to autism spectrum disorder or autistic features were significantly more likely to receive positive results compared with patients without these clinical features (95.6% vs 27.1%, P < 0.0001; 83.3% vs 21.2%, P < 0.0001, respectively). The majority of the positive findings were in recently identified autism spectrum disorder genes, supporting the importance of diagnostic exome sequencing for patients with autism spectrum disorder or autistic features as the causative genes might evade traditional sequential or panel testing. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that diagnostic exome sequencing would be an efficient primary diagnostic method for patients with autism spectrum disorders or autistic features. Moreover, our data may aid clinicians to better determine which subset of patients with autism spectrum disorder with additional clinical features would benefit the most from diagnostic exome sequencing.
BACKGROUND: Exome sequencing has recently been proved to be a successful diagnostic method for complex neurodevelopmental disorders. However, the diagnostic yield of exome sequencing for autism spectrum disorders has not been extensively evaluated in large cohorts to date. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed diagnostic exome sequencing in a cohort of 163 individuals with autism spectrum disorder (66.3%) or autistic features (33.7%). RESULTS: The diagnostic yield observed in patients in our cohort was 25.8% (42 of 163) for positive or likely positive findings in characterized disease genes, while a candidate genetic etiology was reported for an additional 3.3% (4 of 120) of patients. Among the positive findings in the patients with autism spectrum disorder or autistic features, 61.9% were the result of de novo mutations. Patients presenting with psychiatric conditions or ataxia or paraplegia in addition to autism spectrum disorder or autistic features were significantly more likely to receive positive results compared with patients without these clinical features (95.6% vs 27.1%, P < 0.0001; 83.3% vs 21.2%, P < 0.0001, respectively). The majority of the positive findings were in recently identified autism spectrum disorder genes, supporting the importance of diagnostic exome sequencing for patients with autism spectrum disorder or autistic features as the causative genes might evade traditional sequential or panel testing. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that diagnostic exome sequencing would be an efficient primary diagnostic method for patients with autism spectrum disorders or autistic features. Moreover, our data may aid clinicians to better determine which subset of patients with autism spectrum disorder with additional clinical features would benefit the most from diagnostic exome sequencing.
Authors: Kimberly A Aldinger; Andrew E Timms; Zachary Thomson; Ghayda M Mirzaa; James T Bennett; Alexander B Rosenberg; Charles M Roco; Matthew Hirano; Fatima Abidi; Parthiv Haldipur; Chi V Cheng; Sarah Collins; Kaylee Park; Jordan Zeiger; Lynne M Overmann; Fowzan S Alkuraya; Leslie G Biesecker; Stephen R Braddock; Sara Cathey; Megan T Cho; Brian H Y Chung; David B Everman; Yuri A Zarate; Julie R Jones; Charles E Schwartz; Amy Goldstein; Robert J Hopkin; Ian D Krantz; Roger L Ladda; Kathleen A Leppig; Barbara C McGillivray; Susan Sell; Katherine Wusik; Joseph G Gleeson; Deborah A Nickerson; Michael J Bamshad; Dianne Gerrelli; Steven N Lisgo; Georg Seelig; Gisele E Ishak; A James Barkovich; Cynthia J Curry; Ian A Glass; Kathleen J Millen; Dan Doherty; William B Dobyns Journal: Am J Hum Genet Date: 2019-08-29 Impact factor: 11.025
Authors: Christopher C Y Mak; Dan Doherty; Angela E Lin; Nancy Vegas; Megan T Cho; Géraldine Viot; Clémantine Dimartino; James D Weisfeld-Adams; Davor Lessel; Shelagh Joss; Chumei Li; Claudia Gonzaga-Jauregui; Yuri A Zarate; Nadja Ehmke; Denise Horn; Caitlin Troyer; Sarina G Kant; Youngha Lee; Gisele E Ishak; Gordon Leung; Amanda Barone Pritchard; Sandra Yang; Eric G Bend; Francesca Filippini; Chelsea Roadhouse; Nicolas Lebrun; Michele G Mehaffey; Pierre-Marie Martin; Benjamin Apple; Francisca Millan; Oliver Puk; Mariette J V Hoffer; Lindsay B Henderson; Ruth McGowan; Ingrid M Wentzensen; Steven Pei; Farah R Zahir; Mullin Yu; William T Gibson; Ann Seman; Marcie Steeves; Jill R Murrell; Sabine Luettgen; Elizabeth Francisco; Tim M Strom; Louise Amlie-Wolf; Angela M Kaindl; William G Wilson; Sara Halbach; Lina Basel-Salmon; Noa Lev-El; Jonas Denecke; Lisenka E L M Vissers; Kelly Radtke; Jamel Chelly; Elaine Zackai; Jan M Friedman; Michael J Bamshad; Deborah A Nickerson; Russell R Reid; Koenraad Devriendt; Jong-Hee Chae; Elliot Stolerman; Carey McDougall; Zöe Powis; Thierry Bienvenu; Tiong Y Tan; Naama Orenstein; William B Dobyns; Joseph T Shieh; Murim Choi; Darrel Waggoner; Karen W Gripp; Michael J Parker; Joan Stoler; Stanislas Lyonnet; Valérie Cormier-Daire; David Viskochil; Trevor L Hoffman; Jeanne Amiel; Brian H Y Chung; Christopher T Gordon Journal: Brain Date: 2020-01-01 Impact factor: 13.501
Authors: Jennifer C Wong; Steven F Grieco; Karoni Dutt; Lujia Chen; Jacquelyn T Thelin; George Andrew S Inglis; Shangrila Parvin; Sandra M Garraway; Xiangmin Xu; Alan L Goldin; Andrew Escayg Journal: Neuropsychopharmacology Date: 2021-03-03 Impact factor: 8.294