Pedro A Villablanca1, David Holmes, Divyanshu Mohananey, David F Briceno, Ivan J Núñez Gil, Faraj Kargoli, Tanush Gupta, Jorge R Kizer, Anna E Bortnick, Jose Wiley, Mark A Menegus, Robert Pyo, Mario García, Harish Ramakrishna, Farouk Mookadam. 1. aDepartment of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Montefiore Medical Center bDepartment of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York cDepartment of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota dDepartment of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio eDepartment of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Anesthesiology fDepartment of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA gDepartment of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: We carried out a meta-analysis summarizing the efficacy and safety of direct factor Xa inhibitor (DXI) in patients receiving guideline-based antiplatelet therapy (GBAT) after an acute coronary syndrome. BACKGROUND: Randomized-controlled trials have shown that the addition of a DXI to GBAT after acute coronary syndrome can reduce ischemic events, the trade-off being an increase in major bleeding complications. METHODS: PubMed, Central, Embase, The Cochrane Register, Google Scholar databases, and the scientific session abstracts were searched for eligible randomized trials from 1 January 1990 through 31 December 2016. RESULTS: Nine randomized-controlled trials were included in this meta-analysis enrolling a total of 45651 patients. There was a significant reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events with DXIs/GBAT compared with GBAT alone [odds ratio (OR): 0.88; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.82-0.94, number needed to treat=52]. There were also significant reductions in two individual components of major adverse cardiovascular events: myocardial infarction (OR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.81-0.98) and stent thrombosis (OR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.59-0.90), favoring the DXI/GBAT group. There was an increased risk of major bleeding (OR: 2.51; 95% CI: 1.82-3.46) and intracranial hemorrhage (OR: 3.47; 95% CI: 1.76-6.86) compared with GBAT. CONCLUSION: In acute coronary syndromes, the addition of a DXI to GBAT results in a significant reduction of major adverse cardiovascular events, myocardial infarction, and stent thrombosis, offset by an increased risk of bleeding.
OBJECTIVE: We carried out a meta-analysis summarizing the efficacy and safety of direct factor Xa inhibitor (DXI) in patients receiving guideline-based antiplatelet therapy (GBAT) after an acute coronary syndrome. BACKGROUND: Randomized-controlled trials have shown that the addition of a DXI to GBAT after acute coronary syndrome can reduce ischemic events, the trade-off being an increase in major bleeding complications. METHODS: PubMed, Central, Embase, The Cochrane Register, Google Scholar databases, and the scientific session abstracts were searched for eligible randomized trials from 1 January 1990 through 31 December 2016. RESULTS: Nine randomized-controlled trials were included in this meta-analysis enrolling a total of 45651 patients. There was a significant reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events with DXIs/GBAT compared with GBAT alone [odds ratio (OR): 0.88; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.82-0.94, number needed to treat=52]. There were also significant reductions in two individual components of major adverse cardiovascular events: myocardial infarction (OR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.81-0.98) and stent thrombosis (OR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.59-0.90), favoring the DXI/GBAT group. There was an increased risk of major bleeding (OR: 2.51; 95% CI: 1.82-3.46) and intracranial hemorrhage (OR: 3.47; 95% CI: 1.76-6.86) compared with GBAT. CONCLUSION: In acute coronary syndromes, the addition of a DXI to GBAT results in a significant reduction of major adverse cardiovascular events, myocardial infarction, and stent thrombosis, offset by an increased risk of bleeding.