Tarek A A Moussa1,2,3, Naif M S Kadasa2,3, Hassan S Al Zahrani3, Sarah Abdallah Ahmed4, Peiying Feng5,4, Albertus H G Gerrits van den Ende4, Yu Zhang6, Rui Kano7, Fuqiu Li8, Shanshan Li9, Yang Song9, Bilin Dong10, Luana Rossato11, Somayeh Dolatabadi12,13,4, Sybren de Hoog4,2. 1. Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt. 2. Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. 3. Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. 4. Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands. 5. Department of Dermatology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China. 6. Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, PR China. 7. Department of Pathobiology, Nihon University School of Veterinary Medicine, Fujisawa, Japan. 8. Department of Dermatology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, PR China. 9. Department of Dermatology and Venereology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, PR China. 10. Center for Infectious Skin Diseases, Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, PR China. 11. Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, São Paulo, Brazil. 12. Faculty of Engineering, Sabzevar University of New Technologies, Sabzevar, Iran. 13. Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.
Abstract
PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the main sources and epidemiological patterns and speculate on the evolutionary origin of Sporothrix globosa in Asia. METHODOLOGY: Case and case series literature on sporotrichosis in Asia from January 2007 onwards were reviewed using meta-analysis. Phylogenetic analysis of relevant S. globosa was carried out on the basis of concatenated sequences of ITS, TEF3 and CAL. A haplotype network of CAL sequences of 281 Sporothrix isolates was analysed to determine the population structure of S. globosa. RESULTS: Nearly all cases of sporotrichosis caused by S. globosa in Asia were human. In contrast to the remaining pathogenic Sporothrix species, feline transmission was exceptional; nearly all regional cat-associated cases were caused by Sporothrix schenckii. While the latter species was highly variable and showed recombination, S. globosa seemed to be a clonal offshoot, as was Sporothrix brasiliensis. The origin of the segregants was located in an area of high variability in S. schenckii with a relatively high frequency of Asian strains. CONCLUSION: In Asia, S. globosa was the prevalent species. The low diversity of S. globosa suggested a recent divergence with a founder effect of low variability from the variable ancestral species, S. schenckii.
PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the main sources and epidemiological patterns and speculate on the evolutionary origin of Sporothrix globosa in Asia. METHODOLOGY: Case and case series literature on sporotrichosis in Asia from January 2007 onwards were reviewed using meta-analysis. Phylogenetic analysis of relevant S. globosa was carried out on the basis of concatenated sequences of ITS, TEF3 and CAL. A haplotype network of CAL sequences of 281 Sporothrix isolates was analysed to determine the population structure of S. globosa. RESULTS: Nearly all cases of sporotrichosis caused by S. globosa in Asia were human. In contrast to the remaining pathogenic Sporothrix species, feline transmission was exceptional; nearly all regional cat-associated cases were caused by Sporothrix schenckii. While the latter species was highly variable and showed recombination, S. globosa seemed to be a clonal offshoot, as was Sporothrix brasiliensis. The origin of the segregants was located in an area of high variability in S. schenckii with a relatively high frequency of Asian strains. CONCLUSION: In Asia, S. globosa was the prevalent species. The low diversity of S. globosa suggested a recent divergence with a founder effect of low variability from the variable ancestral species, S. schenckii.
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