Tokouré Assoumatine1, Helen Stoeckli-Evans2. 1. CanAm Bioresearch Inc., 9-1250 Waverley Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 6C6, Canada. 2. Institute of Physics, University of Neuchâtel, rue Emile-Argand11, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
Abstract
The reaction of the ligand 2,3,5,6-tetra-kis-[(methyl-sulfanyl)-meth-yl]pyrazine (L1) with silver(I) nitrate led to {[Ag(C12H20N2S4)](NO3)} n , (I), catena-poly[[silver(I)-μ-2,3,5,6-tetra-kis-[(methyl-sulfan-yl)meth-yl]pyrazine] nitrate], a compound with a metal-organic chain structure. The asymmetric unit is composed of two half ligands, located about inversion centres, with one ligand coordinating to the silver atoms in a bis-tridentate manner and the other in a bis-bidentate manner. The charge on the metal atom is compensated for by a free nitrate anion. Hence, the silver atom has a fivefold S3N2 coordination sphere. The reaction of the ligand 2,3,5,6-tetra-kis-[(phenyl-sulfanyl)-meth-yl]pyrazine (L2) with silver(I) nitrate, led to [Ag2(NO3)2(C32H28N2S4)] n , (II), poly[di-μ-nitrato-bis-{μ-2,3,5,6-tetra-kis-[(phenyl-sulfan-yl)meth-yl]pyrazine}disilver], a compound with a metal-organic network structure. The asymmetric unit is composed of half a ligand, located about an inversion centre, that coordinates to the silver atoms in a bis-tridentate manner. The nitrate anion coordinates to the silver atom in a bidentate/monodentate manner, bridging the silver atoms, which therefore have a sixfold S2NO3 coordination sphere. The reaction of the ligand 2,3,5,6-tetra-kis-[(pyridin-2-yl-sulfanyl)-meth-yl]pyrazine (L3) with silver(I) nitrate led to [Ag3(NO3)3(C28H24N6S4)] n , (III), poly[trinitrato{μ6-2,3,5,6-tetra-kis[(pyri-din-2-ylsulfan-yl)meth-yl]pyrazine}-trisilver(I)], a compound with a metal-organic framework structure. The asymmetric unit is composed of half a ligand, located about an inversion centre, that coordinates to the silver atoms in a bis-tridentate manner. One pyridine N atom bridges the monomeric units, so forming a chain structure. Two nitrate O atoms also coordinate to this silver atom, hence it has a sixfold S2N2O2 coordination sphere. The chains are linked via a second silver atom, located on a twofold rotation axis, coordinated by the second pyridine N atom. A second nitrate anion, also lying about the twofold rotation axis, coordinates to this silver atom via an Ag-O bond, hence this second silver atom has a threefold N2O coordination sphere. In the crystal of (I), the nitrate anion plays an essential role in forming C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds that link the metal-organic chains to form a three-dimensional supra-molecular structure. In the crystal of (II), the metal-organic networks (lying parallel to the bc plane) stack up the a-axis direction but there are no significant inter-molecular inter-actions present between the layers. In the crystal of (III), there are a number of C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds present within the metal-organic framework. The role of the nitrate anion in the formation of the coordination polymers is also examined.
The reaction of the ligand 2,3,5,6-tetra-kis-[(methyl-sulfanyl)-meth-yl]pyrazine (L1) with silver(I) nitrate led to {[Ag(C12H20N2S4)](NO3)} n , (I), catena-poly[[silver(I)-μ-2,3,5,6-tetra-kis-[(methyl-sulfan-yl)meth-yl]pyrazine] nitrate], a compound with a metal-organic chain structure. The asymmetric unit is composed of two half ligands, located about inversion centres, with one ligand coordinating to the silver atoms in a bis-tridentate manner and the other in a bis-bidentate manner. The charge on the metal atom is compensated for by a free nitrate anion. Hence, the silver atom has a fivefold S3N2 coordination sphere. The reaction of the ligand 2,3,5,6-tetra-kis-[(phenyl-sulfanyl)-meth-yl]pyrazine (L2) with silver(I) nitrate, led to [Ag2(NO3)2(C32H28N2S4)] n , (II), poly[di-μ-nitrato-bis-{μ-2,3,5,6-tetra-kis-[(phenyl-sulfan-yl)meth-yl]pyrazine}disilver], a compound with a metal-organic network structure. The asymmetric unit is composed of half a ligand, located about an inversion centre, that coordinates to the silver atoms in a bis-tridentate manner. The nitrate anion coordinates to the silver atom in a bidentate/monodentate manner, bridging the silver atoms, which therefore have a sixfold S2NO3 coordination sphere. The reaction of the ligand 2,3,5,6-tetra-kis-[(pyridin-2-yl-sulfanyl)-meth-yl]pyrazine (L3) with silver(I) nitrate led to [Ag3(NO3)3(C28H24N6S4)] n , (III), poly[trinitrato{μ6-2,3,5,6-tetra-kis[(pyri-din-2-ylsulfan-yl)meth-yl]pyrazine}-trisilver(I)], a compound with a metal-organic framework structure. The asymmetric unit is composed of half a ligand, located about an inversion centre, that coordinates to the silver atoms in a bis-tridentate manner. One pyridine N atom bridges the monomeric units, so forming a chain structure. Two nitrate O atoms also coordinate to this silver atom, hence it has a sixfold S2N2O2 coordination sphere. The chains are linked via a second silver atom, located on a twofold rotation axis, coordinated by the second pyridine N atom. A second nitrate anion, also lying about the twofold rotation axis, coordinates to this silver atom via an Ag-O bond, hence this second silver atom has a threefold N2O coordination sphere. In the crystal of (I), the nitrate anion plays an essential role in forming C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds that link the metal-organic chains to form a three-dimensional supra-molecular structure. In the crystal of (II), the metal-organic networks (lying parallel to the bc plane) stack up the a-axis direction but there are no significant inter-molecular inter-actions present between the layers. In the crystal of (III), there are a number of C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds present within the metal-organic framework. The role of the nitrate anion in the formation of the coordination polymers is also examined.
A series of tetrakis-thioether pyrazine ligands have been prepared in order to study their coordination behaviour with various transition metals (Assoumatine, 1999 ▸). The ligands 2,3,5,6-tetrakis[(methylsulfanyl)methyl]pyrazine (L1), 2,3,5,6-tetrakis[(phenylsulfanyl)methyl]pyrazine (L2) and 2,3,5,6-tetrakis[(pyridin-2-ylsulfanyl)methyl]pyrazine (L3), were synthesized by the reaction of 2,3,5,6-tetrakis(bromomethyl)pyrazine (Assoumatine & Stoeckli-Evans, 2014b
▸), with the appropriate 2-mercapto derivative. Their crystal structures and syntheses have been reported previously: L1 (Assoumatine & Stoeckli-Evans, 2014a
▸), L2 (Assoumatine et al., 2007 ▸) and L3 (Assoumatine & Stoeckli-Evans, 2016 ▸). The reaction of similar ligands with various silver(I) salts have also resulted in the formation of coordination polymers. For example, 2-{[(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)sulfanyl]methyl}pyrazine (Black & Hanton, 2007 ▸) led to metal–organic frameworks, while ligands 2,3-bis{[(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)sulfanyl]methyl}pyrazine (Caradoc-Davies & Hanton, 2001 ▸) and 2,5-bis{[(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)sulfanyl]methyl}pyrazine (Caradoc-Davies et al., 2001 ▸) both resulted in compounds with metal–organic chains.
Structural commentary
The reaction of the ligand 2,3,5,6-tetrakis[(methylsulfanyl)methyl]pyrazine (L1) with silver(I) nitrate, led to the formation of a metal–organic chain (MOC) structure, (I) (Fig. 1 ▸). Selected bond lengths and angles involving the Ag1 atom are given in Table 1 ▸. The asymmetric unit is composed of two half ligands, located about inversion centres, with one ligand coordinating to the silver atom in a bis-tridentate manner and the other in a bis-bidentate manner. Their pyrazine rings are almost normal to one another, making a dihedral angle of 88.6 (2)°. The charge on the metal atom is compensated for by a free nitrate anion. The silver atom, Ag1, has a fivefold S3N2 coordination sphere with a highly distorted shape and a τ
5 value of 0.63 (τ
5 = 0 for an ideal square-pyramidal coordination sphere, and = 1 for an ideal trigonal-pyramidal coordination sphere; Addison et al., 1984 ▸). Within the MOC structure, there are significant C—H⋯S interactions present, involving the thioether substituent that does not coordinate to the silver atom, viz. atom S3 (Table 4 and Fig. 1 ▸).
Figure 1
The molecular entities of compound (I), with atom labelling for the asymmetric unit. Unlabelled atoms are related to labelled atoms by symmetry operation (i) = −x, −y + 1, −z + 1, for the ligand involving atom N2, and by symmetry operation (ii) = −x + 1, −y + 1, −z + 2, for the ligand involving atom N1. Displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 50% probability level. The intramolecular C—H⋯S contacts are shown as dashed lines (see Table 4 ▸).
Table 1
Selected geometric parameters (Å, °) for (I)
Ag1—N1
2.714 (4)
Ag1—S2
2.5987 (16)
Ag1—N2
2.436 (5)
Ag1—S4i
2.5910 (15)
Ag1—S1
2.5895 (15)
N1—Ag1—N2
167.75 (13)
N2—Ag1—S2
109.60 (11)
N1—Ag1—S1
64.36 (9)
N2—Ag1—S4i
77.43 (10)
N1—Ag1—S2
72.54 (9)
S1—Ag1—S2
129.99 (5)
N1—Ag1—S4i
113.79 (9)
S1—Ag1—S4i
111.41 (5)
N2—Ag1—S1
107.74 (11)
S4i—Ag1—S2
108.26 (5)
Symmetry code: (i) .
The reaction of the ligand 2,3,5,6-tetrakis[(phenylsulfanyl)methyl]pyrazine (L2) with silver(I) nitrate, led to the formation of a metal–organic network (MON) structure, (II) (Fig. 2 ▸). Selected bond lengths and angles involving atom Ag1 are given in Table 2 ▸. The asymmetric unit is composed of half a ligand, located about an inversion centre, a silver atom and a nitrate anion. The ligand coordinates to the silver atoms in a bis-tridentate manner. The nitrate anion coordinates to the silver atom in a bidentate/monodentate manner, bridging the silver atoms, which therefore have a sixfold S2NO3 coordination sphere, best described as a highly distorted octahedron (Table 2 ▸).
Figure 2
The molecular entities of compound (II), with atom labelling for the asymmetric unit. For the ligand, unlabelled atoms are related to the labelled atoms by symmetry operation (i) −x + 2, −y + 2, −z + 1; other symmetry codes are (ii) x, −y + , z + ; (iii) −x + 2, y + , −z + . Displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 50% probability level.
Table 2
Selected geometric parameters (Å, °) for (II)
Ag1—N1
2.527 (4)
Ag1—O1
2.551 (4)
Ag1—S1
2.6560 (15)
Ag1—O2
2.507 (4)
Ag1—S2i
2.6790 (14)
Ag1—O2ii
2.539 (4)
N1—Ag1—S1
76.40 (9)
O2ii—Ag1—O1
49.56 (12)
N1—Ag1—S2i
70.89 (9)
O2—Ag1—S1
80.10 (11)
S1—Ag1—S2i
146.98 (4)
O2ii—Ag1—S1
101.67 (11)
O2—Ag1—N1
112.54 (12)
O1—Ag1—S1
120.09 (11)
O2—Ag1—O2ii
117.32 (8)
O2—Ag1—S2i
116.46 (10)
N1—Ag1—O2ii
128.98 (12)
O2ii—Ag1—S2i
95.47 (11)
O2—Ag1—O1
75.15 (13)
O1—Ag1—S2i
92.47 (11)
N1—Ag1—O1
163.34 (14)
Symmetry codes: (i) ; (ii) .
The reaction of the ligand 2,3,5,6-tetrakis[(pyridin-2-ylsulfanyl)methyl]pyrazine (L3) with silver(I) nitrate, led to the formation of a metal–organic framework (MOF) structure, (III) (Fig. 3 ▸). Selected bond lengths and angles involving atoms Ag1 and Ag2 are given in Table 3 ▸. The asymmetric unit is composed of half a ligand, located about an inversion centre, a silver atom and a nitrate anion, plus half a second AgNO3 unit located about a twofold rotation axis. The organic ligand coordinates to the silver atoms (Ag1), in a bis-tridentate manner. One pyridine N atom, N2, bridges the monomeric units, so forming a chain structure along the b-axis direction. The nitrate O atoms, O11 and O13, coordinate to silver atom Ag1, hence it has a highly distorted octahedral S2N2O2 coordination sphere (Table 3 ▸). The chains are linked via a second silver atom, Ag2, located on a twofold rotation axis, coordinated by the second pyridine N atom, N3. A second nitrate anion, also lying about the twofold rotation axis, coordinates to this silver atom via an Ag2—O21 bond, hence silver atom Ag2 has a T-shaped N2O coordination sphere.
Figure 3
The molecular entities of compound (III), with atom labelling for the asymmetric unit. For the ligand, unlabelled atoms are related to the labelled atoms by symmetry operation (ii) −x + , −y + , −z; other symmetry codes are (i) −x, −y + 1, −z; (iii) −x + 1, y, −z + ; (iv) x + , y − , z. Displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 50% probability level.
Table 3
Selected geometric parameters (Å, °) for (III)
Ag1—N1
2.578 (3)
Ag1—O11
2.700 (5)
Ag1—N2i
2.267 (3)
Ag1—O13
2.752 (5)
Ag1—S1
2.7943 (13)
Ag2—N3
2.208 (3)
Ag1—S2ii
2.6010 (11)
Ag2—O21
2.567 (5)
N1—Ag1—N2i
155.31 (11)
S2ii—Ag1—O13
120.26 (10)
S1—Ag1—S2ii
122.71 (3)
O11—Ag1—N1
73.76 (11)
S1—Ag1—N1
68.98 (7)
O11—Ag1—N2i
99.33 (12)
S1—Ag1—N2i
96.92 (8)
O13—Ag1—N1
69.73 (11)
S2ii—Ag1—N1
70.29 (7)
O13—Ag1—N2i
88.28 (12)
S2ii—Ag1—N2i
133.03 (8)
O11—Ag1—O13
45.99 (14)
S1—Ag1—O11
122.18 (10)
N3—Ag2—N3iii
175.41 (12)
S1—Ag1—O13
79.78 (10)
O21—Ag2—N3
92.30 (9)
S2ii—Ag1—O11
81.18 (10)
Symmetry codes: (i) ; (ii) ; (iii) .
It can be seen from Tables 1 ▸–3 ▸
▸ that the Ag—N(pyrazine) and Ag—S bond lengths differ considerably for the three compounds. In compound (I), the Ag1—N2 bond length, involving the ligand that coordinates in a bis-bidentate manner, is considerably shorter at 2.436 (5) Å, compared to the Ag1—N1 bond length of 2.714 (4) Å, involving the ligand that coordinates in a bis-tridentate manner. These Ag—N(pyrazine) bond lengths contrast with those for compounds (II) and (III), where both ligands coordinate in a bis-tridentate manner, with values of 2.527 (4) and 2.578 (3) Å, respectively. The Ag1—S bond lengths in compound (I) are almost the same, varying from 2.5895 (15) to 2.5987 (16) Å. These distances are shorter than those in (II), which are 2.6560 (15) and 2.6790 (14) Å, but similar to bond length Ag1—S2ii = 2.6010 (11) Å in (III). The longest Ag—S distance [2.7943 (13) Å] is found for bond Ag1—S1 in (III). Finally, in compound (III), the two Ag—N(pyridine) bond lengths also differ; Ag1—N2i is 2.267 (3) Å, while bond length Ag2—N3 is shorter at 2.208 (3) Å (see Table 3 ▸). Despite the large variation in the Ag—N(pyrazine), Ag—S or Ag—N(pyridine) bond lengths, which perhaps indicates how flexible the ligands are, the values are within the limits observed for similar silver coordinating pyrazine, thioether or pyridine ligands, when compared to the values observed for such structures present in the Cambridge Structural Database (Groom et al., 2016 ▸). The various histograms of the bond lengths have skewed-right distributions and the values vary from 2.10 to 2.75 Å for Ag—N(pyrazine), from 2.48 to 2.79 Å for Ag—S, and 1.90 to 2.99 Å for Ag—N(pyridine).
Supramolecular features
In the crystal of (I), the metal–organic chains (Fig. 4 ▸) propagate along [101]. They are linked via a number of C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds (Table 4 ▸), forming a three-dimensional supramolecular structure, as illustrated in Fig. 5 ▸.
Figure 4
A partial view, normal to plane (10), of the metal–organic chain structure of compound (I). The H atoms have been omitted for clarity
Table 4
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °) for (I)
D—H⋯A
D—H
H⋯A
D⋯A
D—H⋯A
C9—H9C⋯S2
0.96
2.86
3.650 (8)
141
C11—H11A⋯S3
0.97
2.74
3.502 (6)
136
C11—H11B⋯O13A
0.97
2.52
3.438 (17)
157
C2—H2A⋯O11ii
0.97
2.55
3.460 (9)
156
C2—H2B⋯O12Aiii
0.97
2.53
3.431 (15)
154
C3—H3C⋯O12Aiii
0.96
2.37
3.171 (17)
141
C3—H3C⋯O12Biii
0.96
2.57
3.364 (16)
140
C6—H6A⋯O13Ai
0.96
2.52
3.375 (19)
149
C9—H9A⋯O11iv
0.96
2.58
3.503 (10)
162
Symmetry codes: (i) ; (ii) ; (iii) ; (iv) .
Figure 5
A view along the b axis of compound (I), with emphasis on the crystal packing. Hydrogen bonds are shown as dashed lines (see Table 4 ▸), and only those H atoms involved in intermolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds have been included.
In the crystal of (II), the metal–organic networks extend parallel to the bc plane and stack up the a axis (Fig. 6 ▸), but there are no significant intermolecular interactions present between the layers.
Figure 6
A view along the a axis of compound (II), illustrating the role of the NO3
− anion in forming the network structure. H atoms have been omitted for clarity
In the crystal of (III), the metal–organic framework (Fig. 7 ▸) is reinforced by a number of C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds (Table 5 ▸). The voids in this three-dimensional structure, occupied by disordered solvent molecules, amount to only ca 3.7% of the total volume of the unit cell.
Figure 7
A view along the c axis of compound (III). H atoms have been omitted for clarity
Table 5
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °) for (III)
D—H⋯A
D—H
H⋯A
D⋯A
D—H⋯A
C11—H11⋯O21
0.94
2.57
3.287 (5)
133
C3—H3B⋯O21iv
0.98
2.40
3.253 (4)
145
C3—H3B⋯O22iv
0.98
2.49
3.420 (6)
158
C7—H7⋯O13v
0.94
2.51
3.268 (6)
138
C9—H9A⋯O22iv
0.98
2.32
3.291 (6)
171
C12—H12⋯O11vi
0.94
2.51
3.310 (7)
142
C14—H14⋯O22iv
0.94
2.59
3.349 (7)
138
Symmetry codes: (iv) ; (v) ; (vi) .
Database survey
A search of the Cambridge Structural Database (Version 5.38, first update November 2016; Groom et al., 2016 ▸) for tetrakis-substituted pyrazine ligands gave 774 hits, which include 194 hits for compounds involving tetramethylpyrazine. The first such ligand, tetrakis-2,3,5,6-(2′-pyridyl)pyrazine, was synthesized by Goodwin & Lions (1959 ▸), and the crystal structures of three polymorphs have been reported; a monoclininc P21/n polymorph (VUKGAJ01; Bock et al., 1992 ▸), a tetragonal I41/a polymorph (VUKGAJ; Greaves & Stoeckli-Evans, 1992 ▸) and a second monoclinic C2/c polymorph (VUKGAJ03; Behrens & Rehder, 2009 ▸). The most recent tetrakis-substituted pyrazine ligand to be described is N,N′,N′′,N′′′-tetraethylpyrazine-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxamide (OSUTIH; Lohrman et al., 2016 ▸). In the last update of the CSD there are a total of three tetrakis-substituted thioether pyrazine compounds, viz. two polymorphs of compound 2,3,5,6-tetrakis(naphthalen-2-ylsulfanylmethyl)pyrazine (Pacifico & Stoeckli-Evans, 2004 ▸), and the ligands L1 and L2.The role of the anion in coordination chemistry is often essential for the formation of multi-dimensional structures. The nitrate anion can be present as an isolated anion, coordinating to the metal atom or even bridging metal atoms. A search of the CSD for silver nitrate complexes yielded 2192 hits, among which it was noted that the nitrate anion can coordinate in at least 10 different manners. In the present study, three different situations are observed. In (I), the nitrate anion is present as an isolated anion. Its role here is to form C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, resulting in the formation of a three-dimensional supramolecular structure (Fig. 5 ▸ and Table 4 ▸). In (II), the nitrate anion is essential in forming the network structure. The –Ag–L2–Ag–L2– chains, which propagate along [010], are linked by the nitrate anion in the [001] direction, so forming the metal–organic network (Fig. 6 ▸ and Table 2 ▸). Finally, there are two independent nitrate anions present in (III). They coordinate to the metal atoms in different manners, but they do not appear to be the essential elements in forming the three-dimensional framework (Fig. 7 ▸ and Table 3 ▸). Here, it is the presence of the pyridine rings, which twist about the S—Car bonds, that enables the metal atoms to cross-link, so forming the metal–organic framework.
Synthesis and crystallization
Compound (I)A solution of L1 (50 mg, 0.16 mmol; Assoumatine & Stoeckli-Evans, 2014a
▸) in CH2Cl2 (5 ml) was introduced into a 16 mm diameter glass tube and layered with MeCN (2 ml) as a buffer zone. Then a solution of AgNO3 (27 mg, 0.16 mmol) in MeCN (5 ml) was added very gently to avoid possible mixing. The glass tube was sealed and left in the dark at room temperature for at least two weeks, whereupon yellow plate-like crystals of complex (I) were isolated at the interface between the two solutions. IR (KBr disc, cm−1): ν = 2985 w, 2912 w, 1406 bm, 1341 bs, 1141 w, 1115 w, 982 w, 828 w, 777 w, 701 vw, 478 vw.Compound (II)A solution of L2 (50 mg, 0.09 mmol; Assoumatine et al., 2007 ▸) in THF (5 ml) was introduced into a 16 mm diameter glass tube and layered with MeCN (2 ml) as a buffer zone. Then a solution of AgNO3 (15 mg, 0.09 mmol) in MeCN (5 ml) was added very gently to avoid possible mixing. The glass tube was sealed and left in the dark at room temperature for at least three weeks, whereupon yellow block-like crystals of complex (II) were isolated from the bottom of the tube. IR (KBr disc, cm−1): ν = 3053 vw, 2962 vw, 2927 vw, 1583 w, 1480 w, 1386 bs, 1278 vs, 1133 vw, 1023 w, 850 vw, 738 s, 690 m, 495 vw, 478 vw.Compound (III)A solution of L3 (50 mg, 0.09 mmol; Assoumatine & Stoeckli-Evans, 2016 ▸) in CHCl3 (5 ml) was introduced into a 16 mm diameter glass tube and layered with MeCN (2 ml) as a buffer zone. Then a solution of AgNO3 (15 mg, 0.09 mmol) in MeCN (5 ml) was added very gently to avoid possible mixing. The glass tube was sealed and left in the dark at room temperature for at least two weeks, whereupon pale-yellow needle-like crystals of complex (III) were isolated at the interface between the two solutions. IR (KBr disc, cm−1): ν = 3097 vw, 2899 vw, 1581 m, 1562 w, 1460 m, 1386 bs, 1305 bs, 1163 w, 1126 w, 1032 vw, 1004 vw, 825 vw, 759 m, 723 vw, 461vw.
Refinement
Crystal data, data collection and structure refinement details are summarized in Table 6 ▸. Complexes (I) and (II) were measured at 293 K on a four-circle diffractometer, while complex (III) was measured at 223 K on a one-circle image-plate diffractometer. In complex (I), the nitrate ion is positionally disordered and atoms O12A/O12B and O13A/O13B were refined with a fixed occupancy ratio of 0.5:0.5. No absorption correction was applied for complex (II) owing to the irregular shape of the crystal, and as there were no suitable reflections for ψ scans. For complex (III), a region of disordered electron density (25 electrons for a solvent-accessible volume of 130 Å3) was corrected for using the SQUEEZE routine in PLATON (Spek, 2015 ▸). Their formula mass and unit-cell characteristics were not taken into account for the final model. For complexes (I) and (II), only one equivalent of data were measured, hence R
int = 0. In all three complexes, the H atoms were included in calculated positions and refined as riding: C—H = 0.96–0.97 Å for (I), 0.93–0.97 Å for (II) and 0.94–0.98 Å for (III), with U
iso(H) = 1.5U
eq(C-methyl) and 1.2U
eq(C) for other H atoms.
Table 6
Experimental details
(I)
(II)
(III)
Crystal data
Chemical formula
[Ag(C12H20N2S4](NO3)
[Ag2(NO3)2(C32H28N2S4)]
[Ag3(NO3)3(C28H24N6S4)]
Mr
490.42
908.56
1082.41
Crystal system, space group
Monoclinic, P21/n
Monoclinic, P21/c
Monoclinic, C2/c
Temperature (K)
293
293
223
a, b, c (Å)
10.167 (2), 13.482 (3), 13.377 (3)
11.8437 (14), 18.5674 (14), 7.8444 (12)
13.6319 (9), 16.2211 (10), 15.7201 (11)
β (°)
100.838 (19)
96.856 (11)
96.607 (8)
V (Å3)
1800.9 (7)
1712.7 (4)
3453.0 (4)
Z
4
2
4
Radiation type
Mo Kα
Mo Kα
Mo Kα
μ (mm−1)
1.60
1.44
1.99
Crystal size (mm)
0.61 × 0.61 × 0.17
0.46 × 0.46 × 0.38
0.45 × 0.08 × 0.08
Data collection
Diffractometer
Stoe AED2 4-circle
Stoe AED2 4-circle
STOE IPDS1
Absorption correction
Analytical (ABST; Spek, 2009 ▸)
–
Multi-scan (MULABS; Spek, 2009 ▸)
Tmin, Tmax
0.457, 0.789
–
0.949, 1.000
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections
3318, 3318, 2857
3178, 3178, 2606
13264, 3311, 1936
Rint
0
0
0.072
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1)
0.607
0.606
0.614
Refinement
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S
0.056, 0.161, 1.09
0.045, 0.100, 1.16
0.030, 0.052, 0.76
No. of reflections
3318
3178
3311
No. of parameters
207
218
242
H-atom treatment
H-atom parameters constrained
H-atom parameters constrained
H-atom parameters constrained
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3)
1.97, −1.50
0.62, −0.61
0.43, −0.44
Computer programs: STADI4 and X-RED (Stoe & Cie, 1997 ▸), EXPOSE, CELL and INTEGRATE in IPDS-I (Stoe & Cie, 1998 ▸), SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008 ▸), SHELXL2014/6 (Sheldrick, 2015 ▸), Mercury (Macrae et al., 2008 ▸), PLATON (Spek, 2009 ▸) and publCIF (Westrip, 2010 ▸).
Crystal structure: contains datablock(s) I, II, III, Global. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989017002791/wm5369sup1.cifStructure factors: contains datablock(s) I. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989017002791/wm5369Isup2.hklStructure factors: contains datablock(s) II. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989017002791/wm5369IIsup3.hklStructure factors: contains datablock(s) III. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989017002791/wm5369IIIsup4.hklCCDC references: 1533573, 1533572, 1533571Additional supporting information: crystallographic information; 3D view; checkCIF report
Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods
Extinction coefficient: 0.0035 (8)
Geometry. All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes)
are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken
into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles
and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only
used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic)
treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes.
x
y
z
Uiso*/Ueq
Occ. (<1)
Ag1
0.23796 (5)
0.48987 (4)
0.75616 (3)
0.0401 (2)
S1
0.43682 (14)
0.37806 (10)
0.73224 (10)
0.0323 (3)
S2
0.11067 (14)
0.50053 (10)
0.90707 (11)
0.0320 (3)
S3
−0.06264 (16)
0.24651 (10)
0.63652 (12)
0.0413 (4)
S4
−0.26369 (13)
0.33208 (10)
0.31050 (10)
0.0330 (3)
N1
0.4152 (4)
0.4454 (3)
0.9286 (3)
0.0292 (9)
N2
0.0779 (5)
0.4916 (3)
0.5959 (4)
0.0282 (10)
C1
0.5407 (5)
0.4649 (4)
0.9166 (4)
0.0272 (11)
C2
0.5796 (6)
0.4261 (5)
0.8198 (4)
0.0360 (13)
H2A
0.645719
0.373887
0.836842
0.043*
H2B
0.620036
0.479211
0.787138
0.043*
C3
0.4998 (7)
0.3836 (5)
0.6154 (5)
0.0486 (16)
H3A
0.430481
0.364140
0.559808
0.073*
H3B
0.574665
0.339421
0.619518
0.073*
H3C
0.527752
0.450091
0.604654
0.073*
C4
0.3736 (5)
0.4814 (4)
1.0107 (4)
0.0268 (11)
C5
0.2294 (5)
0.4566 (4)
1.0169 (4)
0.0322 (11)
H5A
0.207925
0.486153
1.078010
0.039*
H5B
0.220455
0.385218
1.022356
0.039*
C6
0.1099 (7)
0.6312 (5)
0.9332 (6)
0.0512 (16)
H6A
0.047093
0.663787
0.880930
0.077*
H6B
0.197800
0.657895
0.934761
0.077*
H6C
0.084358
0.641823
0.997925
0.077*
C7
0.0317 (5)
0.4104 (4)
0.5426 (4)
0.0273 (10)
C10
−0.0478 (5)
0.4186 (4)
0.4465 (4)
0.0265 (10)
C11
−0.0956 (5)
0.3274 (4)
0.3842 (4)
0.0334 (12)
H11A
−0.089767
0.271140
0.430044
0.040*
H11B
−0.034496
0.315052
0.337994
0.040*
C8
0.0713 (5)
0.3120 (4)
0.5925 (4)
0.0313 (11)
H8A
0.143563
0.322787
0.650060
0.038*
H8B
0.105664
0.270039
0.544339
0.038*
C9
−0.0972 (9)
0.3316 (5)
0.7311 (6)
0.062 (2)
H9A
−0.161874
0.302866
0.766452
0.093*
H9B
−0.132267
0.392150
0.698934
0.093*
H9C
−0.016152
0.345284
0.778694
0.093*
C12
−0.3592 (7)
0.3497 (6)
0.4101 (6)
0.0569 (18)
H12A
−0.451820
0.359680
0.380318
0.085*
H12B
−0.326070
0.406797
0.449937
0.085*
H12C
−0.350633
0.292137
0.453042
0.085*
N10
0.2281 (6)
0.3702 (5)
0.3423 (5)
0.0544 (15)
O11
0.2331 (7)
0.2979 (5)
0.3953 (5)
0.0842 (13)
O12A
0.2834 (16)
0.4447 (11)
0.3565 (11)
0.0842 (13)
0.5
O13A
0.1631 (17)
0.3451 (10)
0.2526 (12)
0.0842 (13)
0.5
O12B
0.2588 (16)
0.4507 (11)
0.4035 (11)
0.0842 (13)
0.5
O13B
0.1847 (18)
0.3871 (10)
0.2537 (12)
0.0842 (13)
0.5
U11
U22
U33
U12
U13
U23
Ag1
0.0397 (3)
0.0501 (3)
0.0284 (3)
0.00285 (18)
0.0014 (2)
0.00409 (17)
S1
0.0349 (7)
0.0359 (7)
0.0280 (7)
−0.0023 (5)
0.0105 (5)
−0.0025 (5)
S2
0.0243 (7)
0.0424 (8)
0.0293 (7)
−0.0031 (5)
0.0056 (5)
−0.0003 (5)
S3
0.0473 (9)
0.0327 (7)
0.0422 (8)
−0.0100 (6)
0.0044 (7)
0.0024 (6)
S4
0.0312 (7)
0.0361 (7)
0.0315 (7)
−0.0046 (5)
0.0056 (5)
−0.0069 (5)
N1
0.022 (2)
0.040 (2)
0.027 (2)
−0.0010 (18)
0.0078 (18)
−0.0002 (18)
N2
0.030 (2)
0.029 (2)
0.027 (2)
0.0020 (17)
0.0065 (19)
−0.0017 (16)
C1
0.028 (3)
0.035 (3)
0.020 (2)
0.005 (2)
0.007 (2)
0.0033 (19)
C2
0.029 (3)
0.054 (3)
0.029 (3)
0.002 (2)
0.016 (2)
−0.006 (2)
C3
0.061 (4)
0.056 (4)
0.031 (3)
−0.010 (3)
0.017 (3)
−0.011 (3)
C4
0.022 (3)
0.037 (3)
0.023 (2)
0.005 (2)
0.007 (2)
0.004 (2)
C5
0.023 (3)
0.041 (3)
0.034 (3)
−0.005 (2)
0.010 (2)
0.005 (2)
C6
0.060 (4)
0.038 (3)
0.059 (4)
0.003 (3)
0.022 (3)
0.004 (3)
C7
0.025 (2)
0.028 (2)
0.030 (3)
−0.0005 (19)
0.008 (2)
−0.002 (2)
C10
0.024 (2)
0.028 (2)
0.028 (2)
0.0012 (19)
0.007 (2)
−0.002 (2)
C11
0.031 (3)
0.033 (3)
0.034 (3)
0.000 (2)
0.001 (2)
−0.009 (2)
C8
0.034 (3)
0.031 (3)
0.027 (3)
0.001 (2)
0.000 (2)
0.003 (2)
C9
0.077 (5)
0.046 (4)
0.076 (5)
−0.009 (3)
0.047 (4)
−0.005 (4)
C12
0.056 (4)
0.062 (4)
0.063 (4)
−0.006 (3)
0.036 (4)
−0.003 (3)
N10
0.038 (3)
0.061 (4)
0.068 (4)
−0.006 (3)
0.020 (3)
0.006 (3)
O11
0.109 (4)
0.071 (3)
0.076 (3)
−0.016 (3)
0.026 (3)
0.011 (3)
O12A
0.109 (4)
0.071 (3)
0.076 (3)
−0.016 (3)
0.026 (3)
0.011 (3)
O13A
0.109 (4)
0.071 (3)
0.076 (3)
−0.016 (3)
0.026 (3)
0.011 (3)
O12B
0.109 (4)
0.071 (3)
0.076 (3)
−0.016 (3)
0.026 (3)
0.011 (3)
O13B
0.109 (4)
0.071 (3)
0.076 (3)
−0.016 (3)
0.026 (3)
0.011 (3)
Ag1—N1
2.714 (4)
C4—C5
1.522 (7)
Ag1—N2
2.436 (5)
C5—H5A
0.9700
Ag1—S1
2.5895 (15)
C5—H5B
0.9700
Ag1—S2
2.5987 (16)
C6—H6A
0.9600
Ag1—S4i
2.5910 (15)
C6—H6B
0.9600
S1—C3
1.798 (6)
C6—H6C
0.9600
S1—C2
1.805 (6)
C7—C10
1.389 (7)
S2—C6
1.797 (7)
C7—C8
1.506 (7)
S2—C5
1.817 (6)
C10—C11
1.513 (7)
S3—C9
1.791 (7)
C11—H11A
0.9700
S3—C8
1.812 (6)
C11—H11B
0.9700
S4—C11
1.806 (5)
C8—H8A
0.9700
S4—C12
1.806 (7)
C8—H8B
0.9700
N1—C4
1.341 (7)
C9—H9A
0.9600
N1—C1
1.342 (7)
C9—H9B
0.9600
N2—C7
1.342 (7)
C9—H9C
0.9600
N2—C10i
1.348 (6)
C12—H12A
0.9600
C1—C4ii
1.381 (8)
C12—H12B
0.9600
C1—C2
1.517 (7)
C12—H12C
0.9600
C2—H2A
0.9700
N10—O12A
1.148 (15)
C2—H2B
0.9700
N10—O11
1.202 (8)
C3—H3A
0.9600
N10—O13B
1.205 (17)
C3—H3B
0.9600
N10—O13A
1.301 (17)
C3—H3C
0.9600
N10—O12B
1.360 (16)
N1—Ag1—N2
167.75 (13)
C4—C5—H5B
109.1
N1—Ag1—S1
64.36 (9)
S2—C5—H5B
109.1
N1—Ag1—S2
72.54 (9)
H5A—C5—H5B
107.8
N1—Ag1—S4i
113.79 (9)
S2—C6—H6A
109.5
N2—Ag1—S1
107.74 (11)
S2—C6—H6B
109.5
N2—Ag1—S2
109.60 (11)
H6A—C6—H6B
109.5
N2—Ag1—S4i
77.43 (10)
S2—C6—H6C
109.5
S1—Ag1—S2
129.99 (5)
H6A—C6—H6C
109.5
S1—Ag1—S4i
111.41 (5)
H6B—C6—H6C
109.5
S4i—Ag1—S2
108.26 (5)
N2—C7—C10
120.8 (5)
C3—S1—C2
100.1 (3)
N2—C7—C8
116.5 (4)
C3—S1—Ag1
119.8 (2)
C10—C7—C8
122.8 (4)
C2—S1—Ag1
105.22 (19)
N2i—C10—C7
120.5 (4)
C6—S2—C5
100.9 (3)
N2i—C10—C11
118.3 (5)
C6—S2—Ag1
103.1 (2)
C7—C10—C11
121.1 (4)
C5—S2—Ag1
104.98 (18)
C10—C11—S4
116.4 (4)
C9—S3—C8
100.2 (3)
C10—C11—H11A
108.2
C11—S4—C12
100.8 (3)
S4—C11—H11A
108.2
C11—S4—Ag1i
94.24 (19)
C10—C11—H11B
108.2
C12—S4—Ag1i
103.6 (3)
S4—C11—H11B
108.2
C4—N1—C1
118.7 (5)
H11A—C11—H11B
107.3
C7—N2—C10i
118.7 (5)
C7—C8—S3
114.8 (4)
C7—N2—Ag1
124.7 (3)
C7—C8—H8A
108.6
C10i—N2—Ag1
116.1 (3)
S3—C8—H8A
108.6
N1—C1—C4ii
120.5 (5)
C7—C8—H8B
108.6
N1—C1—C2
116.1 (5)
S3—C8—H8B
108.6
C4ii—C1—C2
123.4 (5)
H8A—C8—H8B
107.6
C1—C2—S1
111.8 (4)
S3—C9—H9A
109.5
C1—C2—H2A
109.3
S3—C9—H9B
109.5
S1—C2—H2A
109.3
H9A—C9—H9B
109.5
C1—C2—H2B
109.3
S3—C9—H9C
109.5
S1—C2—H2B
109.3
H9A—C9—H9C
109.5
H2A—C2—H2B
107.9
H9B—C9—H9C
109.5
S1—C3—H3A
109.5
S4—C12—H12A
109.5
S1—C3—H3B
109.5
S4—C12—H12B
109.5
H3A—C3—H3B
109.5
H12A—C12—H12B
109.5
S1—C3—H3C
109.5
S4—C12—H12C
109.5
H3A—C3—H3C
109.5
H12A—C12—H12C
109.5
H3B—C3—H3C
109.5
H12B—C12—H12C
109.5
N1—C4—C1ii
120.8 (5)
O12A—N10—O11
130.3 (10)
N1—C4—C5
114.9 (5)
O11—N10—O13B
134.4 (9)
C1ii—C4—C5
124.3 (5)
O12A—N10—O13A
121.9 (11)
C4—C5—S2
112.6 (4)
O11—N10—O13A
106.9 (8)
C4—C5—H5A
109.1
O11—N10—O12B
108.2 (8)
S2—C5—H5A
109.1
O13B—N10—O12B
116.2 (10)
C4—N1—C1—C4ii
1.9 (8)
C10i—N2—C7—C8
178.5 (5)
C4—N1—C1—C2
−177.3 (5)
Ag1—N2—C7—C8
7.0 (6)
N1—C1—C2—S1
9.1 (6)
N2—C7—C10—N2i
1.3 (8)
C4ii—C1—C2—S1
−170.1 (4)
C8—C7—C10—N2i
−178.4 (5)
C3—S1—C2—C1
159.3 (4)
N2—C7—C10—C11
177.5 (5)
Ag1—S1—C2—C1
34.5 (4)
C8—C7—C10—C11
−2.3 (8)
C1—N1—C4—C1ii
−1.9 (8)
N2i—C10—C11—S4
−41.6 (6)
C1—N1—C4—C5
179.2 (5)
C7—C10—C11—S4
142.1 (4)
N1—C4—C5—S2
−58.1 (6)
C12—S4—C11—C10
−60.4 (5)
C1ii—C4—C5—S2
123.1 (5)
Ag1i—S4—C11—C10
44.3 (4)
C6—S2—C5—C4
−74.8 (5)
N2—C7—C8—S3
107.7 (5)
Ag1—S2—C5—C4
32.1 (4)
C10—C7—C8—S3
−72.5 (6)
C10i—N2—C7—C10
−1.3 (8)
C9—S3—C8—C7
−63.6 (5)
Ag1—N2—C7—C10
−172.8 (4)
D—H···A
D—H
H···A
D···A
D—H···A
C9—H9C···S2
0.96
2.86
3.650 (8)
141
C11—H11A···S3
0.97
2.74
3.502 (6)
136
C11—H11B···O13A
0.97
2.52
3.438 (17)
157
C2—H2A···O11iii
0.97
2.55
3.460 (9)
156
C2—H2B···O12Aiv
0.97
2.53
3.431 (15)
154
C3—H3C···O12Aiv
0.96
2.37
3.171 (17)
141
C3—H3C···O12Biv
0.96
2.57
3.364 (16)
140
C6—H6A···O13Ai
0.96
2.52
3.375 (19)
149
C9—H9A···O11v
0.96
2.58
3.503 (10)
162
[Ag2(NO3)2(C32H28N2S4)]
F(000) = 908
Mr = 908.56
Dx = 1.762 Mg m−3
Monoclinic, P21/c
Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å
a = 11.8437 (14) Å
Cell parameters from 24 reflections
b = 18.5674 (14) Å
θ = 11.2–17.7°
c = 7.8444 (12) Å
µ = 1.44 mm−1
β = 96.856 (11)°
T = 293 K
V = 1712.7 (4) Å3
Block, pale yellow
Z = 2
0.46 × 0.46 × 0.38 mm
Stoe AED2 4-circle diffractometer
Rint = 0.0
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube
θmax = 25.5°, θmin = 2.1°
Graphite monochromator
h = −9→9
ω/2θ scans
k = 0→22
3178 measured reflections
l = 0→14
3178 independent reflections
2 standard reflections every 120 min
2606 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
intensity decay: 2%
Refinement on F2
Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map
Least-squares matrix: full
Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.045
H-atom parameters constrained
wR(F2) = 0.100
w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0308P)2 + 3.2342P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3
Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods
Extinction coefficient: 0.0018 (4)
Geometry. All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes)
are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken
into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles
and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only
used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic)
treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes.
Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods
Extinction coefficient: 0.00014 (3)
Geometry. All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes)
are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken
into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles
and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only
used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic)
treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes.
Authors: Jessica Lohrman; Hanumaiah Telikepalli; Thomas S Johnson; Timothy A Jackson; Victor W Day; Kristin Bowman-James Journal: Inorg Chem Date: 2016-05-17 Impact factor: 5.165